Hungary

The composition of coal mine explosives manufactured and used in Hungary is given in Tables 130 and 131. 

Dynamite explosives of novel type ( Nidin ) with nitroglycerine and nitro-glycol mixtures seem to be particularly popular. 

Ammonium nitrate explosives, both rock and permitted types, do not differ from those generally used in Central Europe. 

Imported Inorganic Chemical Elements, Oxides and Halogen Salts in Hungary, 2002 

Country of Origin Rank Value (000 US ) % Share Cumulative % 

Source Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com 

Address 201, Udyog Kshetra, Mulund Goregaon Link Rd., 

Address 26, Royapattah High Rd. Chennai, Tamil Nadu India 

Web site http //epages.webindia.com/india/adheswara 

Address 102A, Ranjit Studio, D.S.P. Road Dadar (E), 

Address 8th Road, Santa Cruz (East) Bombay 400005 India 

Based on the current SPSA results and preliminary findings, several upgrading measures and improvements at the plant during outage have been formulated. 

Several thermohydraulic calculations and other analyses were carried out to determine success criteria for the event tree modelling, support the event sequence development and assist the initiating event analysis. These analyses were performed by the Paks NPP and by the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute supporting the SPSA activity. The thermohydraulic calculations were performed for several LOCA scenarios during cooldown and during natural circulation. 

Four specific cases were analysed during the outage period as follows  

The effects of these cases were considered as initiating events, contributors to initiating events, or as post-initiator human actions in accident sequences, which were to be modelled in event tree level as a header using the appropriate probability value for the required postaccident human action. 

The origins of peptide chemistry in Greece can be traced, without doubt, to Leonidas Zervas, (Plate 55) (1902-1980), one time principal coworker of Max Bergmann in Dresden (cf. p. 46). After returning to his native country Zervas, became profesor at the University of Athens, where he trained generations of peptide chemistry many of whom became major contributors to the field. 

Several students of Zervas followed distinguished careers abroad E. Ericas became professor in Orsay, France, P.G. Katsoyannis (Plate 26) (cf. p. 161) in New York. 

In 1909 a young Ph.D., Geza Zemplen (1883-1956), traveled to Berlin to continue his studies in Emil Fischer s laboratory. Their joint publications deal with the synthesis of proline through ornithine. However, after his return to Hungary, where he became professor of organic chemistry at the Technical University of Budapest, instead of the peptide studies started with Fischer, Zemplen continued the second line of research in which he was involved while in Berlin carbohydrates. Thus, interest in peptide chemistry was awakened only decades later in 

When Bruckner accepted the invitation to work in Budapest, peptide chemistry did not come to a halt in Szeged. Led by his former associate K. Kovacs, an active research group is engaged in synthesis and study of peptide hormones. The contributions of L. Balaspiri and B. Penke to the chemistry of gastrointestinal peptides are certainly noteworthy. 

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G. Posgay - L. Kossuth Uni. P. Molndr - Metalelektro. L. Imre - Inst, for Transport Sciences. Hungary. 

J. Rant -J. Stefan Inst.. J. Stade - BAM, Germany. M. Balasko - KFKI, Hungary. M. Kaling, FUJI, Germany... 

I was born in Budapest, Hungary on May 22, 1927. My father, Gyula Olah, was a lawyer. My mother, Magda Krasznai, came from a family in the southern part of the country and fled to the capital, Bndapest, at the end of World War I, when it became part of Yugoslavia. 

At the end of World War 1, Hungary lost more than half of its former territory and population in the Versailles (Trianon) treaties. At the... 

We were very much isolated in Hungary from the scientific world, which is the worst thing that can happen to scientists. Journals and books were difficult to obtain, and even then only with great delays. I was able to attend only one scientific meeting in the West, the 1955 meeting of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry... 

Concerning my research during my Dow years, as I discuss iu Chapter 4, my search for cationic carbon intermediates started back in Hungary, while 1 was studying Friedel-Crafts-type reactions with acyl and subsequently alkyl fluorides catalyzed by boron trifluoride. In the course of these studies I observed (and, in some cases, isolated) intermediate complexes of either donor-acceptor or ionic nature. 

I may have some talent for coping with administrative duties and dealing with people, but it never affected me in the ways I have sometimes observed it did others. When in my early years in Hungary I was helping to start a small research institute of the Academy of Sciences,... 

During my Cleveland years, I also continued and extended my studies in nitration, which I started in the early 1950s in Hungary. Conventional nitration of aromatic compounds uses mixed acid (mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid). The water formed in the reaetion dilutes the acid, and spent aeid disposal is beeoming a serious environ-... 

The Nobel Prizes also come with a monetary award, which that year amounted to close to a million dollars. Besides paying taxes on it (the U.S. is the only country that taxes the Nobel Prizes), we donated part of it to help endow a chair in chemistry at USC as well as a chemistry prize 111 Hungary. The balance was shared with our children. It was thus not difficult to dispose of the prize money, but money, of course, is really not the essential part of the Nobel. 

To the frequently asked question of what could I have achieved if I had not left in 1956, I have no definite answer. I believe, however, that we should look to the future and not second-guess the past. It is the future that really counts, and the key to the future (not only in Hungary but worldwide) is a good education. Only with a good education can the younger generation succeed, but of course circumstances, desire, and ability (as well as luck) are also important. 

Starting with my work in Hungary, through my years with Dow Chemical, and during my academic career, besides scientific pub-... 

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