Human resources subsystem

Valvex s existing ERP system was provided and implemented by Entreplan, a Chinese ERP system provider. The ERP system at Valvex has four major subsystems Sales and Distribution, Manufacturing, Human Resources, and Aeeount-ing and Financial Analysis. 

An example of an inferential task-analysis approach that is relatively new is nonlinear causal resource analysis (NCRA) [Kondraske, 1998,1999 Kondraske et al., 1997]. This method was motivated by human performance analysis situations where direct analysis is not possible (e.g., determination of the amount of visual information-processing speed required to drive safely on a highway). Quantitative task demands, in terms of performance variables that characterize the involved subsystems, are inferred from a population data set that includes measures of subsystem performance, resource availabilities (e.g., speed, accuracy, etc.), and overall performance on the task in question. This method is based on the simple observation that the individual with the least amount of the given resource (i.e., the lowest performance capacity) who is still able to accomplish a given goal (i.e., achieve a given level of performance in the specified high-level task) provides the key clue. That amount of availability is used to infer the amount of demand imposed by the task. 

FIGURE 75.1 The Elemental Resource Model contains multiple hierarchical levels. Performance resources (i.e., the basic elements) at the basic element level are finite in number, as dictated by the finite set of human subsystems and the finite set of their respective dimensions of performance. At higher levels, new systems can be readily created by configuration of systems at the basic element level. Consequently, there are in infinite number of performance resources (i.e., higher-level elements) at these levels. However, rules of General Systems Performance Theory (refer to text) are applied at any level in the same way resulting in the identification of the system, its function, dimensions of performance, performance resource availabilities (system attributes), and performance resource demands (task attributes). 

In considering the performance of human information-processing systems, the resource-based perspective represented by the Elemental Resource Model (Kondraske, 2000] is adopted here. This model for human performance encompasses aU types of human subsystems and is the result of the application of a general theoretical framework for system performance to the human system and its subsystems. A central idea incorporated in this framework, universal to all types of systems, is that of performance capacity. 

Performance capacities Dimensional capabilities or resources (e.g., speed, accuracy, strength, etc.) that a given human subsystem (e.g., visual, central processing, gait production, posture maintenance, etc.) possesses to perform a given task. 

In considering the performance of human information-processing systems, the resource-based perspective represented by the Elemental Resource Model (Kondraske, 2000) is adopted here. This model for human performance encompasses all types of human subsystems and is the result of the application of a general theoretical framework for system performance to the human system and its subsystems. A central idea incorporated in this framework, universal to all types of systems, is that of performance capacity. This implies a finite availability of some quantity that thereby limits performance. A general two-part approach is used to identify unique performance capacities (e.g., visual information processor speedy. (1) identify the system (e.g., visual information processor) and (2) identify the dimension of performance (e.g., speed). In this framework, system performance capacities are characterized by availability of performance resources along each of the identified dimensions. These performance resources... 

The enterprise identifies and defines the physical interfaces among products, subsystems, humans, life cycle processes, and external interfaces to higher-level systems or interacting systems. Physical interfaces that impact design include communication, data, support, test, control, display, cormectivity, or resource replenishment characteristics of the interaction among subsystems, the products, humans, or other interfacing systems or a higher-level system. 

This section describes a proposed methodology to evaluate the environmental impact of a chemical industrial process chain in the most accurate way possible. It includes a procedure to compute the LCI based on the concept of eco-vectors [Sonneman et al., 2000], Each process stream (feed, product, intermediate or waste) has an associated eco-vector whose elements are expressed as Environmental Loads (EL, e.g. SO2, NOJ per functional unit (ton of main product). All input eco-vectors, corresponding to material or energy streams, have to be distributed among the output streams of the process (or subsystem). In this sense, a balance of each EL of the eco-vector can be stated similarly to the mass-balance (input = output + generation ). This is the reason why all output streams are labelled as products or emissions. The eco-vector has negative elements for the pollutants contained in streams that are emissions and/or waste. Figure 1 illustrates these ideas for an example of a chain of three processes that produces a unique product. The proposed procedure associates inventory data with specific environmental impacts and helps to understand the effect of those impacts in human health, natural resources and the ecosystem. 

The Earth system consists of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere (geosphere), biosphere, and humans, and each subsystem interacts with other bodies with regard to mass and heat (Fig. 1). The interactions between humans and the other subsystems are becoming the most important problems for humans. The interaction between humans and nature poses difficulties because current methodologies do not yet offer solutions to its problems. For instance, people today are facing issues related to Earth s resources and environmental problems (e.g., depletion of resources pollution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and soils extinction of biomass global warming acid rain and destruction of the ozone layer). 

Because so much of aviation is controlled by people, human factor analysis tools are at the heart of the aviation industry. Different types of human factors analyses are used in air navigation, such as air traffic control, crew resource management in the cockpit, and even appropriate design and maintenance of aircraft systems. Fault tree analysis, fault hazard analysis, FMEA, and different probabilistic risk tools are also used in the detailed design of safety critical subsystems. 

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