Human Placental Lactogen hPL

Placental synthesis of estrogens. The placenta lacks the key enzyme necessary for formation of estrogens from cholesterol (CYP 17) and relies on androgenic precursors from the maternal and fetal compartments. The major androgen used comes from the fetal zone of the fetal adrenal this is DHEAS, which is also taken up and metabolized by fetal liver into Iba-hydroxy-DHEAS. The placenta converts DHEAS into estrone (E ) and estradiol (E2) and proces.ses 16a-hydroxy-DHEAS into estriol (Ej). Estrogens enter the maternal circulation and appear in maternal urine as conjugated estrogens. 

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Morphologically, this is demonstrated by the development of a multinuclear syncytium with apical microvilli [49], while functional differentiation is associated with induction and synthesis of hormones, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) [50, 51]. Cultures of primary cytotrophoblasts have been used to study functional expression of P-gp, amino acid uptake, and hormonal stimulation of amino acid uptake and... 

Along this line Matsue et al. [37,45,78,79] have developed a number of biochips. Among them are multi-analyte assays for human placental lactogen (HPL) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) [45] and leukocidin, a toxic protein produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [79]. Figure 37.8 shows an example of a dual immunoassay with SECM detection. The analyte is defined by the position on the chip and the amount of analyte is quantified via the collection current at the UME. The current originates from the reduction of ferrocinium methanol (Fc+) at the UME. Fc+ is produced locally at the chip surface by the enzyme HRP under consumption of H202. 

Sciarra JJ, Sherwood LM, Varma AA, Lundberg WB. Human placental lactogen (HPL) and placental weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968 101 413-6,... 

Anterior pituitary hormones are classihed into three families the somatomammotropin family (GH and PRL), the glycoprotein hormones (LH, FSH, and TSH), and the opiomelanocortin family (ACTH, /i-endorphin, and related peptides). These three families appear to have evolved from three separate ancestral polypeptides homologous members of each family occur in other parts of the body. For example, human placental lactogen (hPL) is somatomammotropic, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone, and the brain and gut produce substances related to endorphins (enkephalins and dynorphin). 

Human placental lactogen (HPL) is a 22-kD protein with partial homology to growth hormone. HPL is secreted by syncytiotrophoblastic cells in choriocarcinoma and intermediate trophoblasts in a testicular trophoblastic tumor that is a counterpart to a uterine placental site trophoblastic tumor. 

This lesion, actually an exuberant, non-neoplastic physiologic hnding that frequently accompanies molar pregnancies, is composed mostly of implantation site intermediate trophoblasts. The constituent cells express human placental lactogen (hPL) and HLA-G. The Ki-67 index in an exaggerated placental site reaction is less than 10% to 15%.2 ... 

Human placental lactogen (HPL) is synthesized by the placenta. HPL concentration in maternal blood increases during pregnancy until term. It can be used to monitor placental function. 

HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL, HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN)... 

Immunoassays have also been developed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [22], human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) [35], and human placental lactogen (HPL) [35]. CEA is a tumor... 

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