Human growth hormone expression

USA somatropin peptide Humatrope Crescormon, Genotropin, Genotropin Miniquick, Umatrope, Genetonorm Recombinant human growth hormone expressed in E. coli Hormone... 

Goeddel D.V., Heyneker H.L., Hoxumi T., Arentzen R, Itakura K., Yansura D.G, Ross M.J., Miozzari G, Crea R Seeburg P.H. (1979) Expression in Escherichia coli of a DNA sequence coding from human growth hormone. Nature, 281, 544-548. 

Slater MD, Murphy CR. Co-expression of interleukin-6 and human growth hormone in apparently normal prostate biopsies that ultimately progress to prostate cancer using low pH, high temperature antigen retrieval. /. Mol. Histol. 2006 37 37-41. 

Human serum albumin was the first full-length human protein to be expressed in the leaves of a transgenic plant (both tobacco and potato leaves were shown to express the protein). This report was published in 1990 [18]. Four years earlier, Barta and colleagues had demonstrated the expression of human growth hormone in tobacco and sunflower callus, and the protein was expressed as a fusion with the Agrohacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase enzyme [17]. 

Human growth hormone was expressed as fusion with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase enzyme but only transcript was detectable... 

Lastly, it has been shown that in rare cases trisulfide bridges (Cys-SSS-Cys) can be found as hydrophobic variants of recombinant proteins. The experimental mass of such a trisulfide-bridged peptide would be increased by 32 amu. Andersson et al.125 have described this phenomenon for recombinant human growth hormone during expression in E. coli. However, the receptor binding properties were not affected by this trisulfide modification. 

Andersson C., Edlund P.O., Gellerfors P, Hansson Y., Holmberg E., Hult C., Johansson S., Kordel J., Lundin R., Mendel-Hartvig I., Noren B., Wehler T., Wid-malm G., and Ohman J. (1996), Isolation and characterization of a trisulfide variant of recombinant human growth hormone formed during expression in Escherichia coli, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 47(4), 311-321. 

Gils, M., Kandzia, R., Marillonnet, S., Kilmyuk, V., and Gleba, Y. (2005). High-yield production of authentic human growth hormone using a plant virus-based expression system. Plant Biotechnol. J. 3(6) 613-620. 

Human growth hormone, a polypeptide of 191 amino acids, was first expressed in Escherichia coli using recombinant DNA techniques that resulted in production of the protein in the cytoplasm as a methionyl analog... 

The principle that the process makes the product is mitigated in cases where the product is considered well characterized and can be easily characterized by well-refined analytical tools. A biogeneric is not identical but comparable. As an example, human growth hormone is being produced by five different companies in Europe through different processes and expression systems even so, all the processes seem to result in products presenting the same amino acids sequence profile, potency, safety, and efficacy (Polastro and Little, 2001). 

Lang J. (1995b) Application of human growth hormone transient gene expression system in insulin secreting cells. In Breakthrough Newsletter 3 4-5. 

Selden RF, Howie KB, Rowe ME, et al. (1986) Human growth hormone as a reporter gene in regulation studies employing transient gene expression. In Mol. Cell Biol. 6 3173-79. 

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