Human brain imaging

METH-Induced Effects in Human Brain Imaging Studies.65... 

Human Brain (imaging) LA-ICP-SFMS (Element) U, Th 10ngg- (U) Becker et al.64... 

NCA 125I and 123I in 50-70% radiochemical yield. 265 is specific for the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor in human brain imaging studies409. 

The Challenges of Integrating a 9.4T MR Scanner for Human Brain Imaging... 

Figure I. Anatomical proton density magnetic resonance image (MRI) of human brain (image courtesy of EPIXMedical).

Since the early 20th century, chemists have represented molecular information by molecular models. The human brain comprehends these representations of graphical models with 3D relationships more effectively than numerical data of distances and angles in tabular form. Thus, visualization makes complex information accessible to human understanding easily and directly through the use of images. 

FIGURE 2 An MRI image of a human brain. The patient must lie within the strong magnetic field. The detectors can be rotated around the patient s head, thereby allowing many different views to be recorded. 

Speck O, Chang L, DeSilva NM, Ernst T. Perfusion MRI of the human brain with dynamic susceptibility contrast gradient-echo versus spin-echo techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000 12 381-387. 

Gatley SJ, Volkow ND. Addiction and imaging of the living human brain. Drug Alcohol Depend 1998 51 97-108. 

Since the early 90s, noninvasive functional brain imaging of humans using NIR methods have been slowly gaining momentum despite existence of more established imaging modailties, such as PET, fMRI, and EEG. Part of the reason as stated previously, is because of its relatively high temporal resolution and its ability to monitor multiple tissue chromophores. The technique has been applied to adult as well as infant studies. NIR method is particularly suited for infant studies as the equipment, at least the CW kind, are minimally restraining, relatively safe, and portable [67]. Most neonatal studies focus on sensory stimulation such as visual, auditory and olfactory stimulations [69] [101] [89] [115] [6] [5], and cerebral disfunction [70, 71]. Our review will focus primarily on adult studies with some emphasis on defense and security applications. 

M. A. Franceschini, V. Toronov, M. E. Filiaci, E. Gratton, and S. Fantini. Online optical imaging of the human brain with 160-ms temporal resolution. Optics Express, 6(3) 49-57, 2000. 

G. Gratton, P. M. Corbaliis, E. Cho, M. Fabiani, and D. Hood. Shades of grey matter non-invasive optical images of human brain responses during visual stimulation. Psychophysiology, 32 505-509, 1995. 

Y. Hoshi. Functional near-infrared optical imaging Utility and limitations in human brain mapping. Psychophysiology, 40 511-520, 2003. 

Y. Hoshi, S.-J. Chen, and M. Tamura. Spatiotemporal imaging of human brain activity by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. American Laboratory, pages 35-39, 2001. 

H. Obrig and A. Villringer. Beyond the visible-imaging the human brain with light. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 23 1-18, 2003. 

V. Toronov, A. Webb, and J. H. Choi. Investigation of human brain hemodynamics by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Medical Physics, 28(4) 521-527, 2001. 

A. Villringer and B. Chance. Non-invasive optical spectroscopy and imaging of human brain function. Trends In Neurosciences, 20(10) 435-442, 1997. 

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