Restrained minimization

Database clustered fragments to reduce library size [134] fit by comparison of internal distance Cm matrices Database Alignment of multiple structures related to target to define variable regions (VR s) database fragments aligned to Ca steric check, build side chains with overlap, restrained minimization... 

S. W. Homans and M. Forster, Glycobiology, 2, 143 (1992). Application of Restrained Minimization, Simulated Annealing and Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Conformational Analysis of Oligosaccharides. 

In our stracture, we will remove all water molecules and heteroatoms except the substrate for simpheity. The final step refine includes H-bond assignment (optimize) and restrained minimization (mininiize) (Fig. 4.7). 

Richter, B., Gsponer, J., Vdrnai, R, Salvatella, X., Vendruscolo, M. (2007). The MUMO (Minimal Under-Restraining Minimal Over-Restraining) method for the determination of native state ensembles of proteins. Journal of Bimolecular NMR, 37,117. 

Since the early 90s, noninvasive functional brain imaging of humans using NIR methods have been slowly gaining momentum despite existence of more established imaging modailties, such as PET, fMRI, and EEG. Part of the reason as stated previously, is because of its relatively high temporal resolution and its ability to monitor multiple tissue chromophores. The technique has been applied to adult as well as infant studies. NIR method is particularly suited for infant studies as the equipment, at least the CW kind, are minimally restraining, relatively safe, and portable [67]. Most neonatal studies focus on sensory stimulation such as visual, auditory and olfactory stimulations [69] [101] [89] [115] [6] [5], and cerebral disfunction [70, 71]. Our review will focus primarily on adult studies with some emphasis on defense and security applications. 

Fig. 7.10 Water-reducing admixtures can be used to reduce cement contents whilst maintaining the required compressive strength. In large pours reduced temperature rise is beneficial in minimizing the risk of cracking due to thermal expansion under restrained condition (Browne [24]).

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