Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Y. Hoshi, S.-J. Chen, and M. Tamura. Spatiotemporal imaging of human brain activity by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. American Laboratory, pages 35-39, 2001. 

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Potential and Limitations in Neuroimaging Studies... 

The topic of functional near-infrared spectroscopy has been covered in detail by many reviews. Readers should refer to these papers to gain a better understanding of the work done on the topic. Below is a nonexhaustive list of reviews on the topic of NIR medical applications. 

In addition, advancements in the field of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (or near-infrared spectroscopy for medicinal applications)... 

Takeda T, Shibusawa M, Sudal O, Nakajima K, Ishigami K, Sakatani K.(2010) Activity in the premotor area related to bite force control—a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Adv Exp Med Biol 662 479-84. 

Mami Shibusawa, Tomotaka Takeda, Kazunori Nakajima, Handa Jun, Shinichi Sekiguchi, Keiichi Ishigami and Kaoru Sakatani.(2010) Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Primary Motor and Somatosensory Cortex Response to Biting and Finger Qenching. Adv Exp Med Biol 662 485-90. 

Coyle S., Ward T., et al., (2007) Brain computer interface using a im-pHfied functional near-infrared spectroscopy system, J. Neural Engineering 4 219- 226. 

Bunce S.C., Izzetoglu M., et al. (2006) Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 25 54-62. 

Characterization. In many cases, ftir is a timely and cost-effective method to identify and quantify certain functionaHties in a resin molecule. Based on developed correlations, ftir is routinely used as an efficient method for the analysis of resin aromaticity, olefinic content, and other key functional properties. Near infrared spectroscopy is also quickly becoming a useful tool for on-line process and property control. 

M. Forina,G. Drava,C. Armanino,etal, Transfer of calibration function in near-infrared spectroscopy. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 27 (1995) 189-203. 

Keywords functional brain monitoring near infrared spectroscopy diffuse optical tomography. 

H. Obrig, R. Wenzel, M. Kohl, S. Horst, P. Wobst, J. Steinbrink, F. Thomas, and A. Villringer. Near-infrared spectroscopy does it function in functional activation studies of the adult brain International Journal of Psychophysiology, 35 125-142, 2000. 

V. Toronov, A. Webb, and J. H. Choi. Investigation of human brain hemodynamics by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Medical Physics, 28(4) 521-527, 2001. 

A. Villringer, J. Planck, C. Hock, L. Schleinkofer, and U. Dirnagl. Near infrared spectroscopy (nirs) a new tool to study hemodynamic changes during activation of brain function in human adults. Neuroscience Letters, 154 101-104, 1993. 

M. Wolf, U. Wolf, J. H. Choi, R. Gupta, L. P. Safonova, and L. A. Paunescu. Functional frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy detects fast neuronal signal in the motor cortex. Neuroimage, 17 1868-1875, 2002. 

Parsimonious Calibration Models for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy using Wavelets and Scaling Functions. 

Stein E, Pankiewicz J, Harsch HH, Cho JK, Fuller SA, Hoffmann RG, Hawkins M, Rao S, Bandettini PA, Bloom AS (1998) Nicotine-induced limbic cortical activation in the human brain a functional MRI smdy. Am J Psychiatry 155 1009-1015 Sziraki I, Lipovac MN, Hashim A, Sershen H, Allen D, Cooper T, Czobor P, Lajtha A (2001) Differences in nicotine-induced dopamine release and nicotine pharmacokinetics between Lewis and Fischer 344 rats, Neurochem Res 26 609-617 Terborg C, Birkner T, Schack B, Witte OW (2002) Acute effects of cigarette smoking on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics a combined study with near-infrared spectroscopy and transcranial Doppler sonography, J Neurol Sci 205 71-75 Thompson JC, WUby G, Stough C (2002) The effects of transdermal nicotine on inspection time. Hum Psychopharmacol 17 157-161... 

The best way to elucidate the reaction path is to follow the evolution of as many independent species and functional groups as possible. For example, analysis of the epoxy-amine reaction following the simultaneous evolution of epoxy and primary amine groups by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) simultaneous determination of the conversion of double bonds belonging to unsaturated polyester (UP) and styrene (S) using FTIR, as shown in Fig. 5.13 (Yang and Lee, 1988) determination of the evolution of the concentration of free radicals using ESR, as shown in Fig. 5.14 (Tollens and Lee, 1993). 

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) works in the 800 nm-2.5 pm (12,500— 4,000 cm-1) range. The advantage of NIR is that it can typically penetrate much farther into a sample than the mid-infrared radiation (30-1.4 pm, 4,000-400 cm-1)- It can be used for the quantitative measurement of organic functional groups of soil organic matter, especially O—H, N—H, and C=0 (Siesler et al. 2002). In addition, the structural modifications under the effect of chemical treatments (e.g., acidic treatments) can also be studied by NIR (Madejova et al. 2009). 

As several researchers have shown empirically, the use of —log(reflectance) can provide, analogous to a transmittance measurement, a linear relationship between the transformed reflectance and concentration, if the matrix is not strongly absorbing as can be found for many samples studied by near-infrared spectroscopy. This issue is presented in detail below. A different approach based on a physical model was considered for UV/VIS measurements and later also applied within the mid-infrared. A theory was derived by Kubelka and Munk for a simple, onedimensional, two-flux model, although it must be noted that Arthur Schuster (1905) had already come up with a reflectance function for isotropic scattering. A detailed description of theoretical and practical aspects was given by Korttim. The optical absorption... 

Y. Hosoi, H. Yasuhara, H. Shigematsu, T. Komiyama, A. Ono-zuka, and T. Muto, Influence of Popliteal Vein Thrombosis on Subsequent Ambulatory Venous Function Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Am. J. Surg. 177(2), 111-116 (1999). 

Pinto, A. Near-infrared spectroscopy of hydrocarbon functional groups. Spectrochim. Acta 28A, 585-597 (1972). 

A. Webb, J. H. Choi, M. Wolf, L. Safonova, U. Wolf, E. Gratton, Study of local cerebral hemodynamics by frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy and correlation with simultaneously acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging. Opt. Expr. 9, 417-427 (2001)... 

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