HT-2-Toxin

HT-2 Toxin (C22H32O8). On the Australia Group Core list. 

Maximum residue levels in certain foods are set for the following contaminants nitrate, my cotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, pamlin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, T -2 and HT-2-toxin), metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, inorganic tin), 3-MCPD (3-monochloro-propane-l,2-diol), dioxins and PCBs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo(a)pyrene) (EC 2007c). 

T-2 toxin HT-2 toxin Neosofaniol (NESO) Diacetoxyscirpenof (DAS) T-2 tetraof (T-4of) deoxynivalenol (DON) nivalenof (NIV) fusarenon-X roridins verrucarins stachyhotryotoxins... 

Lippolis, V., Pascale, M., Maragos, C.M., Visconti, A. (2008). Improvement of detection sensitivity of T-2 and HT-2 toxins using different fluorescent labeling reagents by high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 74 1476-83. 

NEOSOLANIOL MONOACETATE 3 -HYDROXY-HT-2 TOXIN 15-ACETOXY-T-2 TETRAOL 3 -HYDROXY-T-2 TRIOL HT-2 TOXIN T-2 TOXIN RORIDIN A ISORORIDIN E BACCHARINOL B4 VERRUCARIN A VERRUCARIN J TRICHOVERRIN B NEOSOLANIOL ISONEOSOLANIOL... 

Macromolecular Sites of Activity for the Trichothecenes. All the trichothecenes tested act, in eukaryotic systems, at the site of the 60s ribosome subunit and specifically inhibit peptidyl transferase. However, the trichothecenes are divided into two specific classes relative to this activity and are either initation inhibitors or elongation and/or termination inhibitors. The initiation inhibitors ares 15-acetoxyscirpen-diol 4-acetylnivalenol diacetoxyscirpenol HT-2 toxin nivalenol T-2 toxin scirpentriol verrucarin A (4-0, 11b). 

Type A consists of T-2, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxy-scirpenol (DSA) which are produced by Fusarium sporitrichioides, Fusarium tricimctum, Fusarium Poae. 

Detection of six trichothecenes DON, DAS, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol (NSL), fusarenone-x (F-X) is shown here. This method has been used for quantitation of DON in corn, wheat, wheat bran, and mixed feeds. The precision of the method was measured by repetitive analysis of naturally contaminated samples. Recovery was measured from samples spiked with DON standards. 

Deoxynivalenol standard was purchased from Mycolabs, Inc., Chesterfield, Missouri. Additional deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin were purified from Fusarium cultures in this laboratory. The HT-2 toxin standard was obtained from Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO. Fusarenon-x and neosolaniol were provided by Dr. Loshio Ueno, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. 

In areas that have experienced a yellow rain attack, environmental assays have been in the range of 1 to 150 parts per million (ppm) and blood samples in the range of 1 to 296 parts per billion (ppb).8"1016 22 In the laboratory, at 10 and 50 minutes after an intramuscular exposure to 0.4 mg/kg of T-2 toxin in the dog, plasma concentrations of T-2 toxin were 150 and 25 ppb, and for HT-2 toxin were 50 and 75 ppb, respectively.60 Thus, any screening procedure for trichothecene mycotoxins in biomedical samples must have detection limits of 1 to 100 ppb. Most of the analytical procedures require extraction and cleanup treatment to remove interfering substances.73... 

Yoshizawa T, Sakamoto T, Okamkoto K. In vitro formation of 3 -hydroxy T-2 and 3 -hydroxy HT-2 toxins from T-2 toxin by liver homogenates from mice and monkeys. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 47(1) 130-134. 

For example. Immunization with T-2-HS-BSA conjugates resulted In monoclonal antibodies from different laboratories that each have different specificities. Some monoclonal antibodies have high specificity against HT-2 toxin (49), the others have specificity against 3 -OH-T-2 toxin (51). Since TCTCs have different side chains, the diversity of antibody specificity for those monoclonal antibodies might be due to the hydrolysis of either the Immunogen In the Immunization process or the hydrolysis of the T-2 toxin... 

HT-2 toxin [15-acetoxy-12,l3-epoxy-8a-(3-methyl-butyryloxy)trichothec-9-ene-3a,4/5-diol]. 

Kotsonis FN, Ellison RA (1975) Assay and Relationship of HT-2 Toxin and T-2 Toxin Formation in Liquid Culture. Appl Microbiol 30 33... 

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