Howell studies

Several studies have been performed in order to investigate the effect of liposomal size (Hirano and Hunt, 1985), lipid composition (Senior and Gregoriadis, 1982 Hirano et al., 1985), and lipid dose (Ellens et al., 1983, Kim et al., 1987) on the fate of liposomes after intraperitoneal administration. In the size range studied (0.048-0.72 Min), no size-dependent absorption could be expected (Hirano and Hunt, 1985). Particles larger than 22.5 pm are not expected to enter the lymphatic capillaries (Allen, 1956). After intraperitoneal administration of multivesicular liposomes (19 + 7 ym), Kim and Howell (1987a) and Kim et al. (1987) showed that liposomal entrapment of Ara-C prolongs the half-Ufe of the drug in the peritoneal... 

Goodacre, R. Harvey, R. Howell, S. A. Greenham, L. W. Noble, W. C. An epidemiological study of some Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from dogs, their owners and veterinary surgeons. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1997,44,49-64. 

Games PA, Howell JF (1976) Pairwise multiple comparison procedures with unequal N s and/or variances a Monte Carlo study. J Educat Statist 1 113... 

A similar study has been performed on silk [Howell et al. 2007]. The ToF-SIMS fingerprint of silk exhibits the presence of different amino acid fragments (positive ion mode). In contrast to wool, the effect of artificial ageing is not obvious and no modification appears in the ToF-SIMS spectra. Nevertheless, the study of the cleaning procedures leads to the same conclusion as that in the case of wool. The amount of remaining surfactant increases with artificial ageing. 

Jenkins V, Shilling V, Fallowfield L, Howell A, Hutton S (2004) Does hormone therapy for the treatment of breast cancer have a detrimental effect on memory and cognition A pil study. Psychooncology 13 61-66... 

Leaver, G., Conder, 1. R. and Howell, 1. A. Sep. Sci. Tech. 22 (1987) 2037. A method development study of the production of albumin from animal blood by ion-exchange chromatography. 

Natarajan, K. A., Riemer, S. C., Iwasaki, I., 1984. Influence of pyrrhotite on the corrosive wear of grinding balls in magnetite ore grinding. Inter. J. Miner. Process, 13(1) 73-81 Nesbitt, H. W., Bancroft, G. M., Pratt, A. R., Scaini, M. J., 1998. Sulfur and iron surface states on fractured pyrite surfaces. American Mineralogist, 83 1067 - 1076 Neeraj, K. M., 2000. Kinetic studies of sulphide mineral oxidition and xanthate adsorption. Doctor thesis of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. A Bell Howell Company UMI dissertation Services... 

In terms of the number of consultations made with local physicians, the respiratory health of children living in communities close to opencast sites was very similar to that of children living in communities distant from such sites (Pless-Mulloli et al. 2001 Howel et al. 2001). Nevertheless, in four-fifths of the cases studied, there was a small but statistically significant increase in consultations for respiratory, skin and eye conditions in those living close to opencast sites, albeit the absolute numbers of consultations were still small. Overall, the evidence gathered to date supports the contention that such increments in exposure to PM]0 as may arise in local communities on account of opencast coal extraction are highly unlikely to have any detectable effects on health (Pless-Mulloli et al. 2000a, b, 2001 Howel et al. 2001). 

In anthropogenically impacted systems, Cotter-Howells Thornton (1991) used SEM-EDS to characterize soil grains from a Derbyshire, UK, mining village where Pb mining historically occurred. Many of the soil grains were chloro-pyromorphite. EXAFS was used to identify pyro-morphite in mine-waste-contaminated soils in follow-on studies (Cotter-Howells et al. 1994). 

Hodson, M. E., Valsami-Jones, E., Cotter-Howells, J. D., Dubbin, W. E., Kemp, A. J., Thornton, I. Warren, A. 2001. Effect of bone meal (calcium phosphate) amendments on metal release from contaminated soils - a leaching column study. Environmental Pollution, 112, 233-243. 

Holloway, J. W. Beghe, B. Turner, S. Hinks, L. J. Day, I. N. Howell, W. M. Comparison of three methods for single nucleotide polymorphism typing for DNA bank studies sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridisation, TaqMan liquid phase hybridisation, and microplate array diagonal gel electrophoresis (MADGE). Hum. Mutat. 1999,14(4), 340-347. 

For a study of the mechanism of this conversion, see Cullis Arnold Clarke Howell DeMira Naylor Nicholls /. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1987, 1088. 

The basic crystalline chain structure of PTFE has been worked out from x-ray diffraction studies [Bunn and Howells (29)]. It consists of a helical arrangement of CF2 groups along the chain with 13 CF2 groups in the identity period of the helix (see Fig. 8). The two-fold axis of each CF2 group is perpendicular to the helix axis. 

The structure of isotactic polystyrene has been studied by means of x-ray diffraction [Natta and Corradini (152,153)]. It is found that the chain configuration is helical, with three monomer units per repeat exactly as in polypropylene. The only difference is that the chain repeat of 6.65 A in polystyrene implies an opening of the CCC bond angles in the chain to 116.5°. The orientation of the benzene ring is apparently not settled. In the above structure, if the axis of the benzene ring were perpendicular to the helix axis, then the plane of the benzene ring would be almost exactly perpendicular to the helix axis. In a variation of this structure proposed on the basis of stereochemical considerations [Bunn and Howells (30)], and shown in Fig. 16, the plane of the benzene ring... 

The first published study of the diffraction of x-rays by the crystal structure of polytetrafluoroethylene was by Bunn and Howells. Later, Pierce, Clark, Whitney, and Bryant described the crystal structure... 

Johnston SRD, Gumbrell LA, Evans TRJ, Coleman RE, Smith IE, Twelves CJ, Soukop M. Rea DW, Earl HM, Howell A, Jones A, Canney P, Powles TJ, Haynes BP, Nutley B, Grimshaw R, Jarman M, Halber GW, Brampton M, Haviland J, Dowsett M, Coombes RC. A cancer research (UK) randomized phase II study of idoxifene in patients with locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer resistant to tamoxifen. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2004 53 341-8. 

Howell and Van Wazer236 also studied N204 with a small basis set, which however, gave an energy of -407.650 Hartree and a barrier of 48.5 kJ mol-1. Griffiths et al. did not investigate the barrier.237 The authors do not attribute the weak bond to the occupation of the 6blu (a ) orbital. 

Tamoxifen, the antiestrogen most widely used for the treatment of breast cancer, has shown clear clinical benefits in advanced breast cancer, its efficacy being comparable with that achieved by ablative and additive therapies (Furr and Jordan, 1984) (Fig. 1). In the first clinical studies, initiated in 1969, tamoxifen was found to achieve remissions in advanced breast carcinoma similar to those observed following estrogen therapy but with fewer side effects (Cole et al., 1971). Since then, because of its favorable profile and clinical efficacy, comparable with that of other endocrine therapies, including oophorectomy and estrogens, tamoxifen has become the treatment of choice for patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer (Buchanan et al., 1986 Howell et al, 1990 Ingle etal, 1981). 

Howell, W. M., Turnen, S. J., Hourihane, J. O., and Warner, J. O. 1998. HLA classes DRB1., DQB1 and DPB Genotypic associations with peanut allergy (evidence for family-based and case control study). Clin Exp Allergy 28 156-162. 

Dunn, J.F., Frostick, S., Adams, G.E., Stratford, I.J., Howells, N., Hogan, G., Radda, G.K. (1989). Induction of tumour hypoxia by a vasoactive agent. A combined NMR and radiobiological study. FEBS Lett. 249, 343-347. 

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