Host-graft rejection

A delicate balance between host and donor effector cells is necessary, and residual host-versus-graft effects may lead to graft failure, which is also known as graft rejection. Graft failure is defined as the lack of functional hematopoiesis after HCT and can occur early (i.e., lack of initial hematopoietic... 

I. Suppress Host versus Graft Rejection in Mice Assay... 

Table 4 The immuno activity of selected experimental dosages as determined in the suppress host versus graft rejection in mice assay...

The safety of human M-CSF (hM-CSF) in allogeneic and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 119 patients (2). There was mild transient fever in 6.7% of patients and there were no significant adverse effects on the platelet count. The incidence of graft-versus-host disease or graft rejection and the leukemic relapse rate were not affected compared with placebo. There was a similar safety profile in patients with autologous bone marrow transplants (3). 

All of the host-mediated, antitumor polysaccharides so far noted have been isolated and identified, based on a bio-assay system normally using Sarcoma 180 in mice. The allogeneic, tumor-graft rejection-mechanism is the basis of this system. 

After implantation into the human brain, no immunosuppression is required for inhibiting graft rejection and graft versus host disease. 

Storb, R. Graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in marrow transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 21, 2915-2918 (1989). 

Azathioprine, 6-(l-methyl-4-nitro-imidazole-5-yl)-thiopurine (see Figure 1), is an immunosuppressive agent [1,2], which is widely used in clinical treatment of autoimmune disorders as weU as in prevention of graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease in organ and tissue transplantation [3-10], Azathioprine acts on several activities in cellular immunity processes. It inhibits lymphocyte activation [11], lymphocyte differentiation [12], in-vitro lymphocyte stimulation [13,14], in-vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction [15] and it reduces the activity of natural killer lymphocytes [16,17],... 

Graft rejection is one of the most severe complications after allogenic transplants in leukemia. Detection of increasing quantities of lymphoid and myeloid host cells might be predictive of graft... 

Immunosupressed graft recipient graft rejection/loss, graft-specific diseases (e.g., pancreatitis, hepatitis), cardiovascular diseases AIDS patients end-organ diseases, colitis, retinitis Immunocompetent hosts cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis), proliferative disease (colon cancer) Exanthema subitum in children... 

Type IV. Cellular mediated. Antigens, which are localized by direct contact with body tissue and bind to these tissues, react with im-mune-sensitized T-lymphocytes, releasing cell-free factors resulting in tissue damage. Some examples of this mechanism are al-leigic contact dermatitis and graft-versus-host transplantation rejection. 

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