Hormone storage

In addition to synthesis, the release of hormones from the storage compartment in cells also controls the amount of hormones in circulation. Reserpine and amphetamine are examples of compounds that affect hormone storage in granular vesicles. Compounds that activate LH receptors could potentially cause hypersecretion of testosterone from the Leydig cells (site of testosterone synthesis in the testes). On the other hand, direct cell injury of secretory cells may cause hyposecretion. 

Hormone storage and release. Fora woman to be fertile, hormones must be stored and available for release at the precise time of need. Chemicals that block the storage sites or prevent their release once stored interfere with hormone availability. 

O Connor DT, Wu H, Gdl BM, Rozansky DJ, Tang K, Mahata SK, et al. Hormone storage vesicle proteins. Transcriptional basis of the widespread neuroendocrine expression of chromogranin A, and evidence of its diverse biological actions, intracellular and extracellular. Ann N Y Acad Sd 1994 733 36-45. 

Effects on Synthesis, Storage, Release, Transport and Clearance of Hormones... 

Prohibit the advertisement, supply, storage and use of pesticides unless they have been approved. Pesticides includes herbicides, fungicides, wood preservatives, plant growth hormones, soil stenlants, bird or animal repellants. 

Storage and utilization of tissue glycogen, maintenance of blood glucose concentration, and other aspects of carbohydrate metabolism are meticulously regulated by hormones, including insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and the glucocorticoids. 

Uptake of LCFAs across the lipid-bilayer of most mammalian cells occurs through both a passive diffusion of LCFAs and a protein-mediated LCFA uptake mechanism. At physiological LCFA concentrations (7.5 nM) the protein-mediated, saturable, substrate-specific, and hormonally regulated mechanism of fatty acids accounts for the majority (>90%) of fatty acid uptake by tissues with high LCFA metabolism and storage such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver,... 

Insulin is a hormone manufactured by the beta cells of the pancreas. It is the principal hormone required for the proper use of glucose (carbohydrate) by the body. Insulin also controls the storage and utilization of amino acids and fatty acids. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production by the liver. 

Adipose tissue Storage and breakdown of triacylglyc-erol Esterification of fatty acids and lipolysis lipogenesis Glucose, lipoprotein triacylglycerol Free fatty acids, glycerol Lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase... 

Parathyroid hormone also exists in storage vesicles. As much as 80-90% of the proPTH synthesized is degraded before it enters this final storage compartment, especially when Ca + levels are high in the parathyroid cell (see above). PTH is secreted when Ca is low in the parathyroid cells, which contain a several-hour supply of the hormone. 

The diversity in storage and secretion of hormones is illustrated in Table 42—5. 

Primary therapy is based on disease severity and type of hemorrhage.7 Most patients with mild to moderate disease and a minor bleeding episode can be treated with l-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin [desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)], a synthetic analog of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. DDAVP causes release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor VIII from endogenous storage sites. This formulation increases plasma factor VIII levels by three- to fivefold within 30 minutes. The recommended dose is 0.3 mcg/kg intravenously (in 50 mL normal saline infused over 15 to 30 minutes) or subcutaneously or 300 meg intranasally via concentrated nasal spray every 12 hours. Peak effect with intranasal administration occurs 60 to 90 minutes after administration, which is somewhat later than with intravenous administration. Desmopressin infusion may be administered daily for up to 2 to 3 days. Tachyphylaxis, an attenuated response with repeated administration, may occur after several doses.8... 

The recruitment of zinc for a structural role, or to activate an enzyme, has been observed. The zinc ion induces the dimerization of human growth hormone (hGH), with two Zn ions associated per dimer of hGH. This is confirmed by replacement of possible zinc binding residues resulting in weakened binding of the zinc ion. Formation of a zinc-hGH dimeric complex may be important for storage of hGH in secretory granules.975 In a toxic role, anthrax lethal factor is one of the three components of the secreted toxin and is a zinc-dependent protease that cleaves a protein kinase and causes lysis of macrophages.976... 

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