Homovanillic acid , and

Baker GB, Yeragani VK, Dewhurst WG, Coutts RT, Mac Donald RN, et al. 1987. Simultaneous analysis of urinary m- and p-hydroxyphenylacetic add, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid using electron-capture gas chromatography. Biochem Arch 3 257. 

Kruesi, M.J.P., Hibbs, E.D., Zahn, T.P., Keysor, C.S., Hamburger, S.D., Bartko, J.J., and Rapoport, J.L. (1992) A 2-year prospective follow-up study of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders prediction by cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and autonomic measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49 429 35. 

The effect of lithium on dopamine [DA] synthesis and transmission has been investigated extensively in preclinical studies by directly determining changes in DA or homovanillic acid and indirectly examining lithium-induced changes in DA-linked behaviors [Bunney and Garland 1984 Bunney and Garland-... 

In rats, intracerebroventricular administration of NPY has been associated with an attenuation in ambulation, grooming, and defecation associated with a novel or open-field environment (B. E. Leonard and Song 1994]. ffow-ever, in an elevated plus-maze, this group reported that NPY effects were negligible. NPY-associated behavioral changes were also accompanied by changes in homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and by the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Further evidence of anxiolytic effects... 

Adverse effects An overdose of dopamine produces the same effects as sympathetic stimulation. Dopamine is rapidly metabolized to homovanillic acid, and its adverse effects (nausea, hypertension, arrhythmias) are therefore short-lived. 

Shirao, M. Suzuki, S. Kobayashi, J. Nakazawa, H. Mochizuki, E. Analysis of creatinine, vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and uric acid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J. Chromatogr., B 1997, 693, 463-467. 

The primary metabolites of dopamine are homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (75%) and norepinephrine (25%). The primary metabolites of epinephrine and norepinephrine are vanilylmandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenethyleneglycol. Catecholamine metabolites and their conjugates are excreted in urine. 

Studies in workers occupationally exposed to manganese have shown positive correlation between homovanillic acid and manganese urinary elimination, which suggests increased catecholamine turnover elicited by Mn (Bucket et al. 1993). In male Rhesus monkeys given 20 mg MgClj per kg body weight x day for 18 months, striatal Mn was elevated from 1.39 0.02 pg/g in the controls to 4.79 0.33 pg/g in the Mn treated animals (Chandra et al. 1979). 

Separation and Determination of Urinary Homovanillic Acid and Iso-homovanillic Acid by Gas-Liquid Chromatography and Electron Capture Detection... 

Gas Chromatographic Estimation of Urinary Homovanillic Acid and 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic Acid Using Capillary Columns Clin. Chim. Acta 55(1) 111-112 (1974)... 

Simultaneous Assay by Mass Fragmento-graphy of Vanillylmandelic Acid, Homovanillic Acid, and 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene Glycol in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine Biochem. Med. ll(l) 32-40 (1974) CA 82 53621c... 

A Comparison Between Fluorometric and Mass Fragmentographic Determination of Homovanillic Acid and 5-Hydroxy-indoleacetic Acid in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid... 

Mass Fragmentographic Determination of Vanilmandelic Acid, Homovanillic Acid and Isohomovanillic Acid in Human Body Fluids... 

Anden, N. E., Roos, B. E. and Werdinius, B., On the occurrence of homovanillic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid, Experientia 19, 359 (1963). 

O Neil, R., Fillenz, M., and Albery, W. J., 1982a, Circadian changes in homovanillic acid and ascorbate levels in the rat striatum using microprocessor-controlled voltammetry, Neurosci. Lett. 34 189-193. 

Figure 5.2. Concentrations of homovanillic acid m brain areas, and of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoie-3-acetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid, of normal subjects and Parkinsonians (after Hornykiewicz [- 0] and Guldberg, Ashcroft, Turner, and Hanieh [47])...

A massive phytochemical survey by the U.S. Department of Agriculture [610] has identified a number of useful sources of L-dopa, the most promising being cultivated velvet beans. However, the microbiological hydroxylation of A-formyl-L-tyrosine esters [436] can be duplicated chemically in excellent yield by the use of benzoyl peroxide in chloroform [611]. Reports state that L-dopa from Japanese sources is superior to that from the U.S.A. [612]. Suitability of patients for L-dopa therapy can be assessed by determination of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid levels before and after treatment with probenecid [613, 614]. This drug reduces the outflow of brain monoamine metabolites into the blood and provides an index of the degree of... 

Fri, C.-G., Wiesel, F.-A. and Sedvall, G. (1974), Simultaneous quantification of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid by mass fragmentography. Life ScL, 14,2469. 

Gorden, E.K., Oliver, J., Black, K. and Kopin, I.J. (1974), Simultaneous assay by mass fragmentography of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenethylene glycol in cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Biochem. Med., 11,32. 

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