Holland-Test

Holland test Dutch test 114 hollow charge = shaped charge 42 62 283... 

Keller, C.E., Utility of Shock Models for Underground Nuclear Tests, in Shock Waves in Condensed Matter—1983 (edited by Asay, J.R., Graham, R.A., and Straub, G.K.), North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1984, pp. 485-487. 

Holland Ah = (1.5V,d -H 0.04QJ/U where Ah — plume rise (m), Vj = stack exit velocity (m/s), d = stack diameter (m), = heat emission rate (kcal/s), U = stack top wind speed (m/s) Highly empirical. Requires stack testing confirmation on case-bycase basis... 

Ozone has been used eontinuously for nearly 90 years in municipal water treatment and the disinfeetion of water supplies. This praetiee began in Franee, then extended to Germany, Holland, Switzerland, and other European countries, and in reeent years to Canada. Ozone is a strong oxidizing substance with baetericidal properties similar to those of ehlorine. In test conditions it was shown that the destruetion of baeteria was between 600 and 3,000 times more rapid by ozone than by ehlorine. Further, the baeterieidal aetion of ozone is relatively unaffeeted by ehanges in pH while ehlorine effieaey is strongly dependent on the pH of the water. 

Magee, P.N. in de Serres, F.J., Fouts, J.R., Bend, J.R. and Philpot, R.M. (eds), In Vitro Metabolic Activation in Mutagenesis Testing , Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, 1976 pp. 213-216. 

Vander Heyden, Y., Hartmann, C., Massart, D.L., Hollands, A.M.J., Nuyten, P. and Schoenmakers, R, Ruggedness testing of a size-exclusion chromatographic assay for low molecular-mass polymers, /. Chromatogr. A, 756,89,1996. 

The situation regarding the use of phthalate plasticisers in PVC toys is discussed with reference to Denmark, France, USA, UK, and Holland. Denmark and France are reported to have proposed bans, the USA has approved its use, and the method of testing for leaching is said to be controversial. 

Kada, T. (1981). The DNA damaging activity of 42 coded compounds in the Rec-assay. In Evaluation of Short-term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Collaborative Program (de Serres F. and Ashby J., Eds.). Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 175— 182. 

Given the overwhelming influence of the physical properties of skin in determining bioavailabilities via the dermal route, assessment of dermal penetration is one area in metabolism and toxicology where in vitro methods can be effectively used to predict in vivo results and to screen chemicals. Apparatus and equipment exist that one can use to maintain sections of skin (obtained from euthanized animals or from human cadavers or surgical discard) for such experiments (Holland et al., 1984). These apparatus are set up to maintain the metabolic integrity of the skin sample between two reservoirs the one on the stratum comeum side, called the application reservoir and the one on the subcutaneous side, called the receptor reservoir. One simply places radiolabeled test material in the application reservoir and collects samples from the receptor fluid at various time points. 

The distribution-free multiple comparison test should be used to compare three or more groups of nonparametric data. These groups are then analyzed two at a time for any significant differences (Hollander and Wolfe, 1973, pp. 124-129). The test can be used for data similar to those compared by the rank-sum test. We often employ this test for reproduction and mutagenicity studies (such as comparing survival rates of offspring of rats fed various amounts of test materials in the diet). 

Salamone, M.F. Toxicity of 41 carcinogens and noncarcinogenic analogs. Prog. Mutat. Res. in Evaluation ofShort-Term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Corroborative Program. Progress in Mutation Research, de Serres, F.J. and Ashby, Eds. (Holland Elsevier, 1981), pp. 682-685. 

A pilot plant, containing two pulsed columns, one for extraction and one for stripping, and batchwise evaporation was in operation in Sweden during 1981. Pilot plant operations have also been performed in Holland (Fig. 14.6) and Germany. The experience from these tests shows that the process concept is technically practicable and well proven. The economics of the process, however, are strongly dependent on the cost for disposal of spent pickling liquors. 

Ringwood, A.H., DeLorenzo, M.E., Ross, P.E., Holland, A.F. (1997). Interpretation of the Microtox solid-phase toxicity tests the effect of sediment composition. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 1997, 1135-40. 

Ondov, J. M W. R. Kelly, J. Z. Holland, Z. C. Lin, and S. A. Wight, Tracing Fly Ash Emitted from a Coal-Fired Power Plant with Enriched Rare-Earth Isotopes An Urban Scale Test, Atmos. Environ., 26B, 453-462 (1992). 

Epler, J. L., The Use of Short-Term Tests in the Isolation and Identification of Chemical Mutagens in Complex Mixtures, in Chemical Mutagens Principles and Methods for Their Detection (F. J. DeSerres and A. Hollander, Eds.), Vol. 6, pp. 239-270, Plenum, New York, 1980. 

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