Histology index

Plaa GL, Caille G, Vezina M, et al. 1987. Chloroform interaction with chlordecone and mirex Correlation between biochemical and histological indexes of toxicity and quantitative tissue levels. Fundam Appl Toxicol 9 198-207. 

Only two short-term prospective studies on the effect of soy on the breast have been performed to date. The first reported the effects of two weeks of soy supplementation on the breast of women who were due to have surgery for either benign or malignant breast disease (Hargreaves, 1999). Soy had no adverse effects on any histological index of proliferation. However, a rise of pS2 protein and lowering of apolipoprotein D was observed in the nipple aspirate of women taking soy compared with controls. (A similar effect has... 

Attempts to translate histological indexes of vascular density to in vivo imaging, which can be performed serially and noninvasively, have thrown additional light on the potential role of angiogenesis in malignant disease. 

This HBeAg-negative form is found worldwide it has a high replication rate and an increased histological index. Spontaneous remissions are less common than with the HBeAg-positive form. Therapy is based on lamivudine or adefovir (possibly with interferon). 

The pathologic evaluation of breast lesions serves to establish the histologic diagnosis and to confirm the presence or absence of other factors believed to influence prognosis. These prognostic factors include the presence of necrosis, lymphatic or vascular invasion, nuclear grade, hormone receptor status, proliferative index, amount of aneuploidy, and HER-2/neu expression. 

Prognosis depends on histologic subtype and clinical risk factors (e.g., age more than 60 years, performance status of 2 or more, elevated lactic dehydrogenase, extranodal involvement, and stage III or IV disease). These risk factors are used to calculate the International Prognostic Index. 

Extensive destruction of the olfactory epithelium was observed in male Fischer 344 rats exposed to 200 ppm [780 mg/m ] methyl bromide for 6 h per day for five days. By day 3, despite continued exposure, there was replacement of the olfactory epithelium by a squamous-cell layer, followed by progressive reorganization toward the normal architecture, and by week 10,75-80% of the epithelium appeared histologically normal. Olfactory epithelial-cell replication was maximal on day 3 of exposure, with a labelling index of 14.7% compared with 0.7% in the controls (Hurtt et al., 1988). Degeneration and subsequent regeneration were also observed in an inhalation experiment w ith Fischer 344 rats exposed to 175 ppm [680 mg/m ] 6 h twice, separated by a 28-day interval (Bolon et al., 1991). 

Middleton MC, Pratt I. 1977. Skin water content as a quantitative index of the vascular and histologic changes produced in rat skin by di-n-butyltin and tri-n-butyltin. J Invest Dermatol 68 379-384. 

Fig. 12.3. Epidermal measurements, mitotic figures, and apoptotic keratinocytes in a chronic proliferative dermatitis mutant (Sharplncpdm/Sharplncpdm) mouse. Routine hematoxylin- and eosin-stained paraffin histologic sections can be used to determine proliferation rates based on mitotic index (number of mitotic figures, circled in the figure, in the stratum basale per 1000 cells) or the presence and numbers of apoptotic epidermal keratinocytes (dotted arrows) when present. Epidermal thickness can be measured at high dry magnification (40x) to include the malpigian, living cell, layer (M), the stratum corneum thickness (SC), or the full thickness of the epidermis (M+SC).

Pellets were removed and prepared for histological examination as previously described (37). An arbitrary "induction index", defined as the mean fractional area represented by induced cartilage, (IC) and induced bone (IB), was used to characterize the elicitation of osteoblastic activity by the DBP. A summary of the results of these experiments is presented in Table II. At 6 and 17 weeks following implantation of the DBP significant bone formation is observed in the C rats. No cartilage was apparent in the 2 week specimens from the L rats. At 6 and 17 weeks some induced bone was present. At no time throughout the course of experiments did the DBP elicit formation of either cartilage or bone in the Hn-deplete rats. 

The histological components of chronic hepatitis can be evaluated semiquantitatively and summarized in a histological activity index (HAI). This index combines the values for the inflammatory infiltrate, liver cell necrosis... 

The natural course of disease shows an average survival rate of 5 months (2-8 months). Longer courses of HCC have only been observed occasionally some 3% of patients survive for 5 years. The number of tumour nodes as well as the existing cirrhosis correlate with the likelihood of recurrence. In contrast, the histological degree of tumour differentiation as well as potential capsule or bile formation by the tumour are unlikely or still disputed risk factors for a relapse. This is also true of the biological features of the tumour, such as ploidy, mitosis rate and proliferation marker index. (57, 108)... 

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