Evaluation semiquantitative

Unlike differentiation antigens, prognostic markers are usually evaluated semiquantitatively, both in terms of the proportion of tumor cells showing positivity and the strength of the reaction. 

Probably the most familiar parameter used by the coordination chemist investigating the effect of solvent on rates of reaction of coordination complexes is the relative permittivity R (dielectric constant) of the medium. If the solvent can be regarded as an inert medium then the effect of the solvent can be evaluated, semiquantitatively at least, if only electrostatic forces are considered. 

Hydrophobicity of a solid surface can be evaluated semiquantitatively by comparison of water and benzene adsorption. Figure 13 shows the ratio of the adsorption... 

The histological components of chronic hepatitis can be evaluated semiquantitatively and summarized in a histological activity index (HAI). This index combines the values for the inflammatory infiltrate, liver cell necrosis... 

The residence time of magmas within the earth is short in comparison to the half-life of Th (75200yr). This is probably a rather safe assumption. Capaldi et a/. and Bennett et a/., based on the short-lived members disequilibria in the Th series, evaluated semiquantitatively that magma generation took place some tens or hundreds of years before the eruption for zero-age rocks from the Stromboli, Etna and Mt. St. Helens volcanoes. Disequilibria data also suggest that chemically evolved magmas (up to rhyolites) erupted at Vulcano, Vulcanello and Lipari may have spent only a few thousands of years within the earth before eruption. ... 

In some cases, an alternative explanation is possible. It may be assumed that any very complex organic counterion can also interact with the CP matrix with the formation of weak non-ionic bonds, e.g., dipole-dipole bonds or other types of weak interactions. If the energy of these weak additional interactions is on the level of the energy of the thermal motion, a set of microstates appears for counterions and the surrounding CP matrix, which leads to an increase in the entropy of the system. The changes in Gibbs free energy of this interaction may be evaluated in a semiquantitative way [15]. 

The values of Go and y are known and for the elastomer of Young s modulus of 2.1 MPa, [/o = 8 X 10 mm-s [12]. We can then evaluate 8 at ca. 20 mn. This value is perhaps a little high but of the same order of magnitude as earlier estimated [6]. Thus, despite some necessary approximations and simplifying hypotheses, we arrive at a semiquantitative explanation of the relationship between dewetting and therefore, presumably, wetting speed and the molecular structure of the elastomeric substrate. 

This simple relaxation theory becomes invalid, however, if motional anisotropy, or internal motions, or both, are involved. Then, the rotational correlation-time in Eq. 30 is an effective correlation-time, containing contributions from reorientation about the principal axes of the rotational-diffusion tensor. In order to separate these contributions, a physical model to describe the manner by which a molecule tumbles is required. Complete expressions for intramolecular, dipolar relaxation-rates for the three classes of spherical, axially symmetric, and asymmetric top molecules have been evaluated by Werbelow and Grant, in order to incorporate into the relaxation theory the appropriate rotational-diffusion model developed by Woess-ner. Methyl internal motion has been treated in a few instances, by using the equations of Woessner and coworkers to describe internal rotation superimposed on the overall, molecular tumbling. Nevertheless, if motional anisotropy is present, it is wiser not to attempt a quantitative determination of interproton distances from measured, proton relaxation-rates, although semiquantitative conclusions are probably justified by neglecting motional anisotropy, as will be seen in the following Section. 

In order to evaluate the DD site semiquantitatively, we have analyzed the chemical shift change A.S of the ring proton signals of PrBe and BzOH on the delivery from water to... 

Montedoro G, Servili M, Baldioli M and Miniati E. 1992a. Simple and hydrolyzable phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil. 1. Their extraction, separation, and quantitative and semiquantitative evaluation by HPLC. J Agric Food Chem 40 1571-1576. 

When coupled with an optical microscope, CL imaging is a potent analytical tool for the development of ultrasensitive enzymatic, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays, allowing spatial localization and semiquantitative evaluation of the distribution of the labeled probe in tissue sections or single cells to be performed. 

Different CL ISH assays for the detection of viral DNAs in tissue sections or single cells have been developed in our laboratory, taking advantage of the rapidity and sensitivity of CL detection and obtaining a reliable semiquantitative evaluation of the viral DNA presence. 

All these examples, and it would be possible to quote more, are a manifestation that captor and donor subtituents stabilize radicals. Judged by the temperature range where dissociation occurs it seems as if captodative substitution stabilizes better than dicaptor substitution (Stella et al., 1981). Mostly, however, these are qualitative or semiquantitative observations which do not allow one to evaluate the magnitude of stabilization in kcal mol". In particular, the question of a synergetic action of the captor and the donor substituent cannot be answered satisfactorily. In part, the observed effects might be related to steric interactions of the substituents. 

The ECHA (Cardiff, England) Biocide Monitor is a qualitative test developed for environmental samples and is based on measurement of dehydrogenase activity [41,42]. This test is performed with a small plastic strip carrying an absorbent pad impregnated with a sensitive microorganism, nutrients, and an indicator of metabolic activity and growth. Solid samples are tested directly without extraction. Semiquantitative results are evaluated after 5-24 hours with this assay, which is available as a commercial kit. 

The evaluation methodology depends on demand of results Are only Yes/No answers needed or semiquantitive statements ( strong - medium - weak ), or are reliable values necessary To get the first two types of results you have only to choose the right assay protocol and measuring range. For quantitative evaluations often more points of view have to be considered, e.g., rules of statistics. (Some statistic parameters are given in Chap. 9.)... 

The data in Table 4.9 Table 4.12 are comprehensive estimates of five classes of flavonoids in commonly available foods in the United Kingdom. Moreover, these estimates are derived from critically assessed published sources and the evaluation procedures adopted ensured the inclusion of content values for edible parts of plant materials available to the UK consumer. A USDA compiled database (http //www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Flav/flav.pdf) aimed primarily at the North American diet is also available. These databases are in contrast to another literature-derived database that is available for flavonoids where data quality was not formally assessed and flavonoid values determined using semiquantitative methods were also included. 

Using immunohistology, it is possible to determine the distribution of a specific connexin within the tissue or within cells. It can also be used for semiquantitative evaluations by... 

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