Hill, Robin

Alexi and his friends ran down the hill to a swampy part of the woods that contained a deep lake that they called the black hole . No one knew how deep the lake was in the middle, but it was quite shallow near to one end. Here there was an island about 20 yards out from the edge. They had waded out to the island the summer before and the water had come up to just above their knees.There had been a lot of rain in the previous couple of weeks and the water now looked a bit deeper. Robin suggested that they wade out again, and began to take her shoes and socks off. (C)... 

The authors would like to thank Grace Freedson who believed in our abilities and gave us this project. Many thanks also to Rasika Mathur in the preparation of the final copy. Thanks also to the McGraw-Hill team, especially Kimberly-Ann Eaton, Charles Wall, and Barbara Gilson. And John would like to especially thank his dear wife Robin who put up with his late nights at the computer, tight deadlines, and foul moods. 

The idea that light drives the formation of oxidants and reductants was first advanced by C. B. van Niel in the 1920s. It was strengthened through experiments done by Robin Hill in 1939. Hill discovered that isolated chloro-plasts evolved 02 if illuminated in the presence of an added electron acceptor such as ferricyanide, Fe(CN)63-. The electron acceptor became reduced in the process. Because no fixation of C02 occurred under these conditions, this experiment demonstrated that the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis can be separated from the reactions that involve C02 fixation. 

In 1937 Robin Hill demonstrated that isolated chloroplasts, when placed in an aqueous solution in the presence of a suitable electron acceptor, can evolve oxygen in the light, a process that has become known as the Hill reaction. Oxygen evolution proceeds in the absence of CO2, suggesting that CO2 fixation and O2 evolution are separate processes, contrary to the then prevailing belief. Using lsO-labeled H20 and lsO-labeled CO2 in different experiments, Laurens Ruben and Martin Kamen showed in 1941 that the evolved O2 comes from water and not from CO2. Subsequent studies have elucidated the steps intervening between O2 evolution and CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. 

Built like Cameron Diaz—long and skinny — Eleuthera drew the Charlie s Angel herself this past June with fellow Angel Drew Barrymore. Lenny Kravitz (whose grandfather was born on Inagua) and Patti LaBelle own homes here, and Julia Roberts and Robin Williams have both escaped to the green hills and dramatic cliffs of this out island. .. Off the northern tip of Eleuthera, trendy Harbour Island is a hot-bed of Hollywood who s who CT L staff spotted Robert De Niro having dinner at the Rock House restaurant just as we went to press. 

In 1937, Robin Hill succeeded in isolating chloroplasts from leaves which under suitable conditions still retained some form of photosynthetic activity. The material isolated by Hill actually consisted of thylakoid membranes which lacked the necessary enzymes for CO2 fixation as a result of the loss of the outer membrane envelope. When these chloroplasts were illuminated, no oxygen evolution could be observed. However, when an electron acceptor such as ferric oxalate, as was used by Hill initially, was added, oxygen evolution was observed upon illumination, accompanied by the reduction of the ferric oxalate to the ferrous form. Lurthermore, four equivalents of the oxidant were found to be photochemi-cally reduced for each mole of oxygen evolved. This reaction was called the Hill reaction. Later, ferricyanide and benzoquinone were commonly used as the oxidizing agents. 

Cytochromes/( J from Latin frons for leaf) and were discovered almost half a century ago hy Hill and Scarisbrick and by Hill, respectively. In fact, the redox behavior of these chloroplast c)do-chromes led Robin Hill and Fay Bendall to formulate the so-called Z-scheme for oxygenic photosynthesis. In 1972, Nelson and Neumann" isolated a partially purified complex from a digitonin-fraction-ated PS-I particle obtained from lettuce chloroplasts. The complex was found to contain Cyt/, Cyt and non-heme iron, which led the authors to note its similarity to the Cyt-bci complex (i.e., complex III) of mitochondria. In 1975 Sugahara, Shaw and this author isolated a complex from spinach TSF-I particles and by investigation of its spectroscopic and EPR properties, showed that it also contained Cyt/, Cyt b and nonheme iron, consistent with its being a bjcomplex. The fraction also displayed a distinct EPR signal characteristic of a copper protein, apparently due to plastocyanin co-precipitated during fractionation. 

Digital Instruments, 112 Robin Hill Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, 805-967-1400 (http //www.di.com). 

Robin Taylor Zeneca Agrochemicals Jealott s Hill Research Station Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 6EY England... 

A further refinement of this approach, again a step in the Wheeler-Ono direction, was suggested by Hill (77,78), removing the following difficulties contained in the theory of Barrer and Robins ... 

Robin G. Walters and Peter Horton9 Robert Hill Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield SIO 2TN, United Kingdom. 

Kerrod, Robin. Hubble The Mirror on the Universe. Richmond Hill, Ont. Firefly Books, 2003. 

Bentz, C. 1988. Inside the Visual PA, Part 2. Broadcast Engineering, Intertec Publishing, Overland Park, KS. Bentz, C. 1988. Inside the Visual PA, Part 3. Broadcast Engineering, Intertec Publishing, Overland Park, KS. Robin, M. and Poulin, M. 2001. Digital Television Fundamentals, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Kertesz S reported that blenders usually only part the middle lamella and may not effectively homogenize or extract plant tissues. We have observed that acetone powders of plant tissues, prepared by standard procedures using the Waring Blendor, contain many multicellular bits of tissue. In acetone powders of peppermint we have even observed intact oil glands, still filled with essential oil. Robin Hill stated in a 1961 lecture that spinach leaves are a superior tissue for enzyme isolation because they have strong middle lamellae, which promote cell breakage as opposed to cell-cell separation. 

Director Mary McGee Managing Editor Steve Hill Production/Operations Manager Traci Huntsman Production Editor Tony Quinn Senior Design Editor Robin Remaley Cover Designer Charles Thomas... 

Dr Kenneth E Strawhecker Veeco Instruments Inc 112 Robin Hill Road Santa Barbara... 

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