Highly sensitive detection chemiluminescence

Various 1,2-dioxetane derivatives have been synthesized and reported. Among them, AMPPD (Adamantyl Methoxy Phenyl Phosphoryl Dioxetane) is a well known dioxetane bearing a spiroadamantyl group at the 3-position and a phenol phosphate at the 4-position, which is now used for chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) using alkaline phosphatase with highly sensitive detection. 

Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection has been shown to be a highly sensitive detection method " for the determination of A-nitrosamines and secondary amines in combination with reversed-phase HPLC. Fentomole limits of detection can be obtained with conventional instrumentation. The principle of the reaction is illustrated in Figure 12.3. 

A variety of chemiluminescence analysers is now available for quantitation of NO, and such equipment can be adapted readily for routine measurement of endogenous NO excreted in expired air. The technique is highly sensitive (detection limit 1 ppb) and linear over a wide range 1 to 1000 ppb can easily be covered without recalibration of equipment. Analyses are rapid and highly reproducible. Further work is still required to establish the exact origins of NO contributing to exhalation profiles recorded with this technology. Both lower and upper respiratory tracts release NO into expirate. ... 

In Sections 11.2 and 11.3, highly sensitive detection mechanisms involving bromate formation and chemiluminescence were quantitatively analyzed using computational chemical methods. In the case of bromate, the MOPAC/ZINDO in CAChe programs were used to calculate spectra, while in the case of chemiluminescence, a MOPAC/PM5 program was used to calculate ape values as indicators of electron localization. 

Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the activity of oxidases and determining its intracellular concentration provides assays of the activity of the corresponding enzyme or of substrates such as glucose. It can be detected with high sensitivity by chemiluminescence or electroluminescence, however only at relatively high pH values. A lanthanide-based analytical procedure was proposed in 2002 by O. Wolfbeis and collaborators,... 

Nickel Carbonyl The extremely toxic gas nickel carbonyl can be detected at 0.01 ppb by measuring its chemiluminescent reaction with ozone in the presence of carbon monoxide. The reaction produces excited nickel(II) oxide by a chain process which generates many photons from each pollutant molecule to permit high sensitivity (315). 

The methods of investigation of metal species in natural waters must possess by well dividing ability and high sensitivity and selectivity to determination of several metal forms. The catalytic including chemiluminescent (CL) techniques and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) are the most useful to determination of trace metals and their forms. The methods considered ai e characterized by a low detection limits. Moreover, they allow detection of the most toxic form of metals, that is, metal free ions and labile complexes. 

Present research is devoted to investigation of application of luminol reactions in heterogeneous systems. Systems of rapid consecutive reactions usable for the determination of biologically active, toxic anions have been studied. Anions were quantitatively converted into chemiluminescing solid or gaseous products detectable on solid / liquid or gas / liquid interface. Methodology developed made it possible to combine concentration of microcomponents with chemiluminescence detection and to achieve high sensitivity of determination. 

Anions of another group were derivatized with formation of gaseous chemiluminescing species. Chemical reaction - gas extraction has been used with chemiluminescence detection in the stream of canier gas in on-line mode. Rate of a number of reactions has been studied as well as kinetic curves of extraction of gaseous products. Highly sensitive and rapid hybrid procedures have been developed for the determination of lO, BrO, CIO, CIO, NO,, N03, CrO, CIO, Br, T, S, 803 with detection limits at the level of pg/L, duration of analysis 3 min. 

A CL ISH assay for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was developed, in which the hybridization reaction was performed using either digoxigenin-, biotin-, or fluorescein-labeled probes [64], The hybrids were visualized using AP as the enzyme label and a highly sensitive 1,2-dioxetane phosphate as chemiluminescent substrate. This assay was applied to biopsy specimens from different pathologies associated with HPV, which had previously proved positive for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The analytical sensitivity was assessed using samples of HeLa and CaSki cell lines, whose content in HPV DNA is known (10-50 copies of HPV 18 DNA in HeLa cells and 400-600 copies... 

The advantages of detecting cDNA probes by chemiluminescence and bioluminescence include high sensitivity and simple protocols, using either manual film... 

Dioxetanes, labeled with triggers sensitive to the alkaline-phosphatase enzyme, serve as highly sensitive chemiluminescent probes in numerous bioassays. Current applications include immunoassays, membrane-based detection of proteins and nucleic acids, and microplate-based and array-based nucleic-acid detection. ... 

NO Nitric oxide is most commonly measured using the chemiluminescence from its reaction with 03 described earlier. One such instrument designed for high-sensitivity (1- to 2-ppt detection limit in 10 s) is described by Ridley and Grahek (1990). 

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