Chemiluminescent detection with

This is quite inert. It is good for chemiluminescent detection with luminol and 1,2-dioxetane substrates. 

Pfundstein, B., Tricker, A. R., and Preussmann, R., Determination of primary and secondary amines in foodstuffs using gas chromatography and chemiluminescence detection with a modified thermal energy analyzer, J. Chromalogr., 539, 141-148, 1991. 

Selectivity of chemiluminescence reactions can be a concern. Some reactions are essentially compound-specific. An example is tetrakis(dime-thylamino)ethylene, which undergoes chemiluminescence reaction only with Oz- Although such specificity provides freedom from measurement interference, that chemiluminescence reaction then lacks universal application. In other cases, several species could yield emission with a given reagent. These situations then require coupling of the chemiluminescence detection with some sort of highly selective physical or chemical step (such as chromatography, immunoassay, enzyme reactions) to achieve an interference-free measurement. An... 

Hydrogen peroxide has also been analy2ed by its chemiluminescent reaction with bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate and perylene in a buffered (pH 4—10) aqueous ethyl acetate—methanol solution (284). Using a flow system, intensity was linear from the detection limit of 7 x 10 M to at least 10 M. 

O ne. Air pollution (qv) levels are commonly estimated by determining ozone through its chemiluminescent reaction with ethylene. A relatively simple photoelectric device is used for rapid routine measurements. The device is caHbrated with ozone from an ozone generator, which in turn is caHbrated by the reaction of ozone with potassium iodide (308). Detection limits are 6—9 ppb with commercially available instmmentation (309). 

Nickel Carbonyl The extremely toxic gas nickel carbonyl can be detected at 0.01 ppb by measuring its chemiluminescent reaction with ozone in the presence of carbon monoxide. The reaction produces excited nickel(II) oxide by a chain process which generates many photons from each pollutant molecule to permit high sensitivity (315). 

Concerns over safe handling of radioactive materials and issues around the cost and disposal of low level radioactive waste has stimulated the development of nonradiometric products and technologies with the aim of replacing radioactive tracers in research and medical diagnosis (25). However, for many of the appHcations described, radioactive tracer technology is expected to continue to be widely used because of its sensitivity and specificity when compared with colorimetric, fluorescent, or chemiluminescent detection methods. 

The efficient recovery of volatile nitrosamines from frankfurters, followed by gc with chemiluminescence detection, has been described (133). Recoveries ranged from 84.3 to 104.8% for samples spiked at the 20 ppb level. Methods for herbicide residues and other contaminants that may also relate to food have been discussed. Inorganic elements in food can be deterrnined by atomic absorption (AA) methods. These methods have been extensively reviewed. Table 8 Hsts methods for the analysis of elements in foods (134). 

Present research is devoted to investigation of application of luminol reactions in heterogeneous systems. Systems of rapid consecutive reactions usable for the determination of biologically active, toxic anions have been studied. Anions were quantitatively converted into chemiluminescing solid or gaseous products detectable on solid / liquid or gas / liquid interface. Methodology developed made it possible to combine concentration of microcomponents with chemiluminescence detection and to achieve high sensitivity of determination. 

Anions of another group were derivatized with formation of gaseous chemiluminescing species. Chemical reaction - gas extraction has been used with chemiluminescence detection in the stream of canier gas in on-line mode. Rate of a number of reactions has been studied as well as kinetic curves of extraction of gaseous products. Highly sensitive and rapid hybrid procedures have been developed for the determination of lO, BrO, CIO, CIO, NO,, N03, CrO, CIO, Br, T, S, 803 with detection limits at the level of pg/L, duration of analysis 3 min. 

A method of detecting herbicides is proposed the photosynthetic herbicides act by binding to Photosystem II (PS II), a multiunit chlorophyll-protein complex which plays a vital role in photosynthesis. The inhibition of PS II causes a reduced photoinduced production of hydrogen peroxide, which can be measured by a chemiluminescence reaction with luminol and the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The sensing device proposed combines the production and detection of hydrogen peroxide in a single flow assay by combining all the individual steps in a compact, portable device that utilises micro-fluidic components. 

Fig. 14-3. NOj chemiluminescent detection principle based on the reaction of NO with O3.

Table IV. Application of NDA/CN Labels for RP-HPLC with Chemiluminescence Detection...

Li, H. and Westerholm, R., Determination of mono- and di-nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by on-line reduction and high-performance liquid chromatography with chemiluminescence detection, /. Chromatogr. A, 664,177, 1994. 

Zhang et al. [49] determined penicillamine in urine by the coupled technique of chemiluminescence detection and liquid chromatography. The urine sample was adjusted to pH 2 with 2 M H2S04 and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. A 12 mL... 

Based on IgG-bearing beads, a chemiluminescent immuno-biochip has been also realized for the model detection of human IgG. Biotin-labeled antihuman IgG were used in a competitive assay, in conjunction with peroxidase labelled streptavidin59. In that case, the planar glassy carbon electrode served only as a support for the sensing layer since the light signal came from the biocatalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase. Free antigen could then be detected with a detection limit of 25 pg (108 molecules) and up to 15 ng. 

J. Yakovleva, R. Davidsson, M. Bengtsson, T. Laurell, and J. Emneus, Microfluidic enzyme immunosensors with immobilised protein A and G using chemiluminescence detection. Biosens. Bioelectron. 19, 21-34 (2003). 

Chemiluminescent reactions must proceed at a sufficiently fast rate to provide the minimum number of quanta per time unit, as determined by the sensitivity of the detector used. According to Hercules 4> a chemiluminescence reaction with 100% efficiency emitting only one photon per fortnight would not be detected . 

Sakamoto [243] determined picomolar levels of cobalt in seawater by flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection. In this method flow injection analysis was used to automate the determination of cobalt in seawater by the cobalt-enhanced chemiluminescence oxidation of gallic acid in alkaline hydrogen peroxide. A preconcentration/separation step in the flow injection analysis manifold with an in-line column of immobilised 8-hydroxyquinoline was included to separate the cobalt from alkaline-earth ions. One sample analysis takes 8 min, including the 4-min sample load period. The detection limit is approximately 8 pM. The average standard deviation of replicate analyses at sea of 80 samples was 5%. The method was tested and inter calibrated on samples collected off the California coast. 

Eirod et al. [352] determined sub-nanomolar levels of iron (II) and total dissolved iron in seawater by flow injection analysis with chemiluminescent detection in amounts down to 0.45 nmol/1. 

Worsfold et al. [960] have discussed the application of flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection for the shipboard monitoring of trace metals. 

PRINCIPLES OF FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS WITH CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION... 

---