High-performance liquid characterization

In 1979, it was stated that poiybrominated aromatic ethers have received little attention (ref. 1). That statement is still applicable. Analyses to characterize this class of commercial flame retardants have been performed using UV (refs. 1-2), GC (refs. 1-6), and GC-MS (refs. 1-4). The bromine content of observed peaks was measured by GC-MS, but no identification could be made. The composition of poiybrominated (PB) diphenyl ether (DPE) was predicted from the expected relationship with polyhalogenated biphenyl, a class which has received extensive attention. NMR (refs. 3-6) was successfully used to identify relatively pure material which had six, or fewer, bromine atoms per molecule. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method described (ref. 1) was not as successful as GC. A reversed phase (RP) HPLC method was mentioned, but no further work was published. 

Garrido, J.L., Zapata, M., and Muniz, S., Spectral characterization of new chlorophyll c pigments isolated from Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) by high performance liquid chromatography, J. Physiol., 31, 761, 1995. 

Wu, X. and Prior, R.L., Identification and characterization of anthocyanins hy high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in common foods in the United States vegetables, nuts, and grains, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 3101, 2005. 

Strohschein, S., Pursch, M., and Albert, K., Hyphenation of high performance liquid chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the characterization of (3-carotene isomers employing a Cjq stationary phase, J. Pharm. Biom. Anal., 21, 669, 1999. 

Ascah, T., Kallury, K., Szafranski, C. Corman, S., and Liu, F., Characterization and high performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of a new amide-functionalized reversed-phase column, /. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol, 19 (17,18), 3049, 1996. 

Kutsuna, H., Ohtsu, Y., and Yamaguchi, M., Synthesis and characterization of highly stable polymer-coated aminosilica packing material for high-performance liquid chromatography, ]. Chromatogr., 635, 187, 1993. 

Yang, Y.-B., Harrison, K., and Kindsvater, J., Characterization of a novel stationary phase derived from a hydrophilic polystyrene-based resin for protein cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr. A, 723, 1, 1996. 

Hu, Y. and Carr, P. W., Synthesis and characterization of new zirconia-based polymeric cation-exchange stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Chem., 70, 1934, 1996. 

Capillary electrophoresis employing chiral selectors has been shown to be a useful analytical method to separate enantiomers. Conventionally, instrumental chiral separations have been achieved by gas chromatography and by high performance liquid chromatography.127 In recent years, there has been considerable activity in the separation and characterization of racemic pharmaceuticals by high performance capillary electrophoresis, with particular interest paid to using this technique in modem pharmaceutical analytical laboratories.128 130 The most frequently used chiral selectors in CE are cyclodextrins, crown ethers, chiral surfactants, bile acids, and protein-filled... 

Because of the instability of cyanohydrins, the characterization of cyanohydrins mostly should be hydroxyl protected. In 2001, Gerrits et al. [26] investigated the influence of solvent composition on the stability of unprotected cyanohydrins and then described a method to analyze unprotected cyanohydrins (with regard to enantiomeric purity and conversion) via chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hernandez et al. [27] and the groups... 

Acidimetric, spectrophotometric, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays were developed for the determination of 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-l//-pyrido[l,2-c]pyrimidine-l,3-diones 100 <1998APH193>. Its solubility properties were also characterized. Resolution of the enantiomers of 4-phenyl-2- 4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazinyl]-butyl perhydropyrido[l,2-r-]pyrimidine-l,3-dione was achieved on heptakis(2-A V-dimethylcarbamoyl)-P-... 

W.E. Neff, W.C. Byrdwell, Characterization of model triacylglycerol (triolein, trilinolein and trilinolenin) autoxidation products via high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A, 818, 169 186 (1998). 

Kogel, I. and Bochter, R. (1985). Characterization of lignin in forest humus layers by high-performance liquid chromatography of cupric oxide oxidation products. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17 637-640. 

Opperhuizen, A., Sinnige, T.L., van der Steen, J.M.D., Hutzinger O. (1987) Differences between retentions of various classes of aromatic hydrocarbons in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Implications of using retention data for characterizing hydrophobicity. J. Chromatogr. 388, 51-64. 

Fernandez-Lopez JA and Almela L. 2001. Application of high performance liquid chromatography to the characterization of the betalain pigments in prickly pear fruits. J Chromatogr 913 415 120. 

Berardini N, Carle R and Schieber A. 2004. Characterization of gallotannins and benzophenone derivatives from mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Tommy Atkins ) peels, pulp and kernels by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(19) 2208—2216. 

Similarly, other cycloadducts of nitrile oxides with C6o were synthesized. The cycloadducts were characterized by 13C NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. It should be mentioned that X-ray structure determination of the 3-(9-anthryl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazole derivative of C6o, with CS2 included in the crystals, was achieved at 173 K (255). Cycloaddition of fullerene C60 with the stable 2-(phenylsulfonyl)benzonitrile oxide was also studied (256). Fullerene formed with 2-PhSC>2C6H4CNO 1 1 and 1 2 adducts. The IR, NMR, and mass spectra of the adducts were examined. Di(isopropoxy)phosphorylformonitrile oxide gives mono- and diadducts with C60 (257). Structures of the adducts were studied using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), semiempirical PM3 calculations, and the dipole moments. 

R. Bermejo, E.M. Talavera and J.M. Alvarez-Pez, Chromatographic purification and characterization of B-phycoerythrin of Porphyridium cruentum. Semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and characterization of its subunits. J. Chromatogr.A 917 (2001) 135-145. 

Ling V., Guzzetta A.W., Canova-Davis E., Stults J.T., Hancock W.S., Covey T.R., and Shushan B.I. (1991), Characterization of the tryptic map of recombinant DNA derived tissue plasminogen activator by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem. 63, 2909-2915. 

Camera E, Picardo M, Presutti C, Catarcini P, Fanali S. 2004. Separation and characterization of sphingoceramides by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 27 971. 

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