Hierarchically overview

The Comos PT API is used by the Comos PT graphical user interface (GUI) to access the engineering data. The GUI provides a hierarchical overview (tree view) of the devices contained in the database for navigation, as well as detail views on devices. Different types of graphical and textual documents are provided that can contain references to devices. For instance, process flow diagrams contain references to the devices that are placed on the sheet. 

A hierarchic overview of departments and functionaries (organisational chart, see Sect. 25.2.4) is the basis for the description of human resources of an organisation. Tasks, respruisibilities, competences and required qualifications are specified in a function description. An employee description entails the true competences and qualifications of an employee, including the development of the employee by training and other activities, (see Sect. 25.5.1). 

Todeschini R, Consonni V (2000) Handbook of molecular descriptors. In Mannhold R, Kubinyi H, Timmerman H (eds), Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry 11. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim. Walters WP, Stahl MT, Murcko MA (1998) Virtual screening — and overview. Drug Discov Today 3 160—178. Ward JH (1963) Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J Am Stat Assoc 58 236—244. Warmuth MK, Liao J, Ratsch G et al. (2003) Active learning with support vector machines in the drug discovery process. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 43 667—673. 

The inherent limitations of the use of zeolites as catalysts, i.e. their small pore sizes and long diffusion paths, have been addressed extensively. Corma reviewed the area of mesopore-containing microporous oxides,[67] with emphasis on extra-large pore zeolites and pillared-layered clay-type structures. Here we present a brief overview of different approaches to overcoming the limitations regarding the accessibility of catalytic sites in microporous oxide catalysts. In the first part, structures with hierarchical pore architectures, i.e. containing both microporous and mesoporous domains, are discussed. This is followed by a section on the modification of mesoporous host materials with nanometre-sized catalytically active metal oxide particles. 

The area of catalyst immobilization has received considerable attention as can be judged from the available literature reviews.[1 30] Immobilization of oxidation catalysts shows intrinsic advantages over other catalysts as the tendency for selfoxidation will decrease. Moreover, complexes with generally low solubility, such as heme-type transition metal complexes, can be dispersed molecularly on supports. It is the aim of the present work to overview the state of knowledge on the immobilization of transition metal complexes using microporous supports, such as zeolites and laminar supports like clays. The wealth of information available for complexes immobilized on LDHs or tethered to the mesopore walls in hierarchically organized oxides will not be dealt with. 

Figure 13.11 Overview diagram of the NCTR Four-Phase approach for priority setting. In Phase I, chemicals with molecular weight < 94 or > 1000 or containing no ring structure will be rejected. In Phase II, three approaches (structural alerts, pharmacophores, and classification methods) that include a total of 11 models are used to make a qualitative activity prediction. In Phase III, a 3D QSAR/CoMFA model is used to make a more accurate quantitative activity prediction. In Phase IV, an expert system is expected to make a decision on priority setting based on a set of rules. Different phases are hierarchical different methods within each phase are complementary.

Different scales presented in Figure 3-1 are related to different approximation levels. For an overview of conventional molecular modelling methods, (see e.g.1-3). Bridging the above mentioned disparate time scales for the description of biologically relevant collective motions requires hierarchical, multi-scale approaches. In practice, to describe real complex (bio)molecular or material systems and processes various models have to be coupled to each other. Selected coupling mechanisms will be briefly reviewed. 

The present paper provides an overview of the physical properties of silica mesostructures with representative wormhole and lamellar framework structures assembled through S°P pathways. The wormhole framework silica, denoted HMS silica, was assembled using an alkylamine surfactant as the structure director and a silicon alkoxide as the inorganic precursor. The lamellar framework silica with a vesicular hierarchical structure, denoted MSU-G silica, was obtained from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica precursor and a bi-functional gemini amine surfactant of the type RNH(CH2)2NH2. We then provide examples of the catalytic activity of these disordered mesostructures in comparison to more ordered framework mesostructures such as hexagonal MCM-41. 

Abstract This account provides a state of the art overview of polyfluorene structure and phase behaviour in solutions and the solid state. This review covers key aspects of the hierarchical intra- and intermolecular self-assembly starting at the molecular level and extentding up to larger length scale structures. This includes crystallization, alignment on surfaces and texture. Many Central ideas are highlighted via structural archetypes. Recent theoretical treatments for understanding these structural properties are discussed and the implications for opto-electronics and photophysics are described. 

In the following sections, relationships between three-way methods are outlined, facilitating comparisons between different models used on the same data set. An overview of hierarchical relationships between the major three-way models is given by Kiers [1991a], While a mathematical viewpoint is taken in this chapter, a more practical viewpoint for choosing between competing models is taken in Chapter 7. 

This chapter provides an overview of parallel compufer architectures, including the traditional Flynn classification scheme and a discussion of computation nodes and the networks connecting them. We also present an overall system view of a parallel computer, describing the hierarchical nature of parallel archifecfure, machine reliability, and the distinction between commodity and custom computers. 

Before presenting oin discussion, we present a brief and select overview of some relevant literature. Peto (1987) discusses some foimdational issues in systematic reviews of randomized trials for rare outcomes, in particular the need for such reviews and considerations of heterogeneity of the treatment effect. Hammad et al. (2011) present a thorough overview of the issues associated with the secondary use of randomized trials to evaluate safety. Bradbum et al. (2007) evaluate statistical meta-analysis methods for rare events. Kaizer et al. (2006) present an interesting example of a hierarchical Bayesian method for meta-analysis of safety. Crowe et al. (2009) provide recommendation for a premarket safety program. 

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