Alcohol injection

De Witte P, Dahchour A, Quertemont E. 1994. Acute and chronic alcohol injections increase taurine in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 2 229-233. 

Surfactantvesicles 3D 300-100000 A diameter Shaking, sonication, or alcohol injection Days to weeks Solubilizates and particles could be in situ generated or placed into the bilayer or aqueous interior a high level of organization was possible 55, 72, 101... 

In preparation for chest discomfort during alcohol injection, prophylactic analgesic medication (eg. fentanyl 25 mm IV) is administered. Antithrombotic prophylaxis with intravenous, weight-adjusted heparin is given to maintain an activated clotting time of 200 to 250 seconds. 

The amount of alcohol injected depends on the contrast echocardiographic estimated size of the target area, extent of... 

Fig. 37.4 Highly differentiated, macrotrabecular hepatocellular carcinoma with hydropic swelling of the tumour cells (condition after alcohol injection)...

Giovannini, M., Seitz, F.X Ultrasound-guided percutaneous alcohol injection of small hver metastases. Results in 40 patients. Cancer 1994 73 294 - 297... 

Benzyl alcohol Injections, oral, topical, vaginal Oxidizing agents, strong acids, nonionic surfactants, methylcellulose, some plastics... 

Benzyl alcohol is commonly used as a preservative in multidose injectable pharmaceutical formulations. For this purpose, concentrations in the range of 0.5-2.0% are used and the whole amount of benzyl alcohol injected is generally very well tolerated. Concentrations of 0.9% are used in Bacteriostatic Sodium Chlorine (USP), which is often used in the management of critically ill patients to flush intravascular catheters after the addition of medications or the withdrawal of blood, and in Sterile... 

Alcohol relatively commonly causes less serious complications, such as vomiting, headache, and paresthesia, which are but fortunately of limited duration, while loss of proprioception and profound numbness are disconcerting but almost always preferable to the pain that the alcohol injection has relieved (11). 

Chung SC, Leong HT, Choi CY, Leung JW, Li AK. Palliation of malignant oesophageal obstruction by endoscopic alcohol injection. Endoscopy 1994 26(3) 275-7. 

Fardy MJ, Patton DW. Comphcations associated with peripheral alcohol injections in the management of trigeminal neuralgia. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994 32(6) 387-91. 

The index MR is the molar percentage of glucuronide formation with respect to the dose of alcohol injected into a rabbit s stomach. The experimental precise on the logarithm of this index is 0.09 average deviation, 0.27 maximal deviation. 

Gerbacia and Rosano (46) have determined the interfacial tension at oil-water interface after alcohol injection into one of the phases. They observed that the interfacial tension could be temporarily lowered to zero due to the diffusion of alcohol through the interface. They concluded that the diffusion of surfactant molecules across the interface is an important requirement for reducing interfacial tension temporarily to zero as well as for the formation of microemulsions. They further claimed that the formation of microemulsions depend on the order in which components are added. 

Diazepam IM/IV 40% Propylene glycol 10% Ethyl alcohol 5% Benzoate buffer 1.5% Benzyl alcohol Inject slowly (at least 1 min/mL) if giving IV. Do not use small veins. 

Diazepam is a lipid-soluble but water-insoluble substance. The solvent for parenteral diazepam, it consists of 40% propylene glycol, 10% ethyl alcohol, 5% sodium benzoate, and 1.5% benzyl alcohol. Injection site complications such... 

A. S. Domazou, P. L. Luisi, Size distribution of spontaneously formed liposomes by the alcohol injection method. J. Liposome Res., 2002, 12, 205-220. 

The recovery with this expanding oil phase was much better the oil recovery per unit of alcohol injected increased by a factor of seven by moving the plait point of the ternary phase diagram from the right to the left side to permit an expanding oil phase. This improvement in displacement efficiency with an expanding oil phase (which keeps the oil phase continuous) was confirmed quickly by several others (133-135), and, more recently, by researchers working with surfactants (see below). 

Polymer solution was 2000 ppm PUSHER-700 in 2.1% NaCl, 0.4 PV slug followed by 500 ppm in 0.05% NaCl, 0.6 PV slug Soluble oil formulation = 10% TRS 10-410 + 4% IBA in hexa-decane 5% PV slug. Aqueous formulation = 7.65% TRS 10-410 + 3.06% IBA in 2.1% NaCl 5% PV slug. Different concentrations (w/w) of oleic and aqueous formulations were employed to take into account their density difference so that the amount of surfactant and alcohol injected was the same Permeability of the 13" x 1" Berea cores = 200 to 400 milli-Darcy porosity = 22%... 

In our initial attempts to study the effect of (DODA) Chloride, (DODA)C, sonicated vesicles on the thiolysis of p-nitrophenylacetate (NPA) by n-heptyl mercaptan (HM) we found that metal from the probe catalyzed the oxidation of the mercaptan [Cuccovia, I.M., unpublished]. In order to avoid mercaptan oxidation we developed an alcohol injection method for the preparation of (DODA)C vesicles, that were characterized by gel filtration and by the incorporation of lipid soluble probes [15]. It is not clear, today, if the aggregates prepared by ethanol injection are highly permeable closed vesicles or other types of bilayer assemblies [16]. 

The patient is placed in a supine position on the CT table. At the level of T12, the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries are localized after intravenous bolus injection of the contrast medium. Precise localization of the celiac plexus is obtained from these vascular structures which represent the most constant landmarks. A 22-gauge needle is inserted by an anterior approach to reach the pre-aortic retroperitoneal area. After CT scan confirmation of the needle tip position immediately lateral to the celiac artery and in front of the anterior aspect of the aorta, 2 ml of diluted contrast medium are injected to predict the diffusion of ethanol. After the injection of 10 ml of 1% lidocaine to palliate the painful alcohol injection, neurolysis is achieved with 25 ml of 50% ethanol... 

Eesti D, Monti E, Casanova S, Eivraghi T, Frabboni R, Roversi CA, Bertoli D, Borelli G, Mazzella G, Bazzoli F et al (1990) Morphological and biochemical effects of intrahepatic alcohol injection in the rabbit. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 402-406... 

Sana M, Llovet JM, Vilana R, Bianchi L, Sold M, Ayuso C, Brvi C, Bruix J (2004) Initial response to percutaneous ablation predicts survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 40 1352-1360 Shankar S, van Sonnenberg E, Morrison PR, Tuncali K, Silverman SG (2004) Combined radiofrequency and alcohol injection for percutaneous hepatic tumor ablation. Am J Roentgenol 183 1425-1429... 

In order to reduce the risk of recurrent tumors and to enhance overall survival, combined treatment options including PAI have been evaluated for HCC. It has been demonstrated that transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) combined with alcohol injection has the potential to prolong survival compared to TACE alone in small HCC (Koda et al. 2001) and even in nodules with a mean size of 7 cm (Lubienski et al. 2004). Most recent data suggested PAI to be an important modulator of tissue properties prior to or... 

Amin Z, Bown SG, Lees WR (1993b) Local treatment of colorectal liver metastases a comparison of interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) and percutaneous alcohol injection (PAI). Clin Radiol 48 166-171... 

Rossi S, Fornari F, Pathies C et al (1990) Thermal lesions induced by 480 kHz localized current field in guinea pig and pig liver. Tumori 76 54-57 Scheele J, Stang R, Altendorf-Hofmann A et al (1995) Resection of colorectal liver metastases. World J Surg 19 59-71 Siperstein AE, Berber E (2001) Cryoablation, percutaneous alcohol injection, and radiofrequency ablation for treatment of neuroendocrine liver metastases. World J Surg 25 693-696... 

---