Herbicide antidotes

Shimabukuro, R.H., G.L. Lamoureux, and D.S. Frear. (1978). Glutathione conjugation A mechanism for herbicide detoxification and selectivity in plants, pp. 133-149. In Pallos, F.M. and J.E. Casida, eds., Chemistry and Action of Herbicide Antidotes. New York Academic Press Inc. 

Table I. Conmercially important herbicide antidotes or safeners.

Pallos, F.M. Casida, J.E. "Chemistry and Action of Herbicide Antidotes" Academic Press New York, 1978 pp. 

Effects of herbicide antidotes CGA 92194 and flurazole on the incidence of sorghum do%my mildew induced by oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi, pathotypes 1 and 3, in the sorghum hybrids Dinero, Tophand, and R920... 

Asterisks indicate herbicide antidote values significantly... 

Asterisk indicates herbicide antidote values significantly different from the control value according to Student s t test (P - 0.05). 

Smith, L. R., Preparation of Furylethanolamines as Intermediates for Herbicide Antidotes, Mansanto Co., U S. Patent 4,962,212 (Chem. Abstr. 114 143116a) (1990). 

Pot experiments were made to investigate the effects of known herbicide antidotes foi extending the selectivity of chlorsulfuron (Parker et ai, 1980). 

Finally, some herbicide antidotes are now commercially available [54], and the naturally-occurring isoflavone genistein (8) has been found to act as an antidote against the herbicides, haloxyflop and alloxydim [55]. However, as far as we are aware, no antidotes to benzimidazole-related compounds, or to other types of fungicides, have previously been reported. 

Pallos, F. M. Casida, J. E., Eds. Chemistry and Action of Herbicide Antidotes Academic Press New York 1978. 

Naphthalic anhydride, oxabetranil, and three other herbicide antidotes induce the activity of glutathione-5-transferase (GST) in sorghum seedlings. The response in the seedlings (Table 9.2) was induced in the seedlings by treatment of the seeds at the rate of 1.25 or 2.5-g kg seed respectively, for the oxabetranil and napthalic... 

Herbicide safeners (also referred to as herbicide antidotes or protectants) fulfill an important role in crop protection. Safeners are chemicals that protect crop plants from unacceptable injury caused by herbicides. Either by placement on the crop seed or by way of a physiological selectivity mechanism, safeners in commercial use do not negatively impact the weed control of the herbicide. Although many herbicides have been developed for use without a safener, some of the strongest and most broad-spectrum herbicides tend towards border-line crop selectivity, which may completely preclude use in a particular crop or at least limit maximum use rates or the crop varieties that can be safely treated. It is for such situations that safeners have been developed. Several books and reviews of safeners have been written over the past 20 years [1-3]. It is not the intention of this chapter to cover in detail older safeners, but rather to focus on more recently developed commercial safeners as well as some of the older compounds still in wide commercial usage. 

Pallos, F. andCasida,J. (eds) (1977) Chemistry ard Action of Herbicide Antidotes, ew York Academic Press. 

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