Hepatocyte nuclear factors

Lai, E., Prezioso, V. R., Tao, W., Chen, W. S., and Darnell, J. E. (1991). Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3a belongs to a gene family in mammals that is homologous to the Drosophila homeotic gene fork head. Genes Dev. 5 416-427. 

Stewart MJ, Dipple KM, Estonius M, Nakshtri H, Everett LM, Crabb DW. Binding and activation of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 promoter by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998 1399 181-186. 

Abbreviations AFP, a-fetoprotein CK, cytokeratin ECM, extracellular matrix EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor, HSC, hepatic stellate cell MFB, myofibroblast M2-PK, M2-pyruvate kinase PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor TGF, transforming growth factor. 

Hathout EH, Cockburn BN, Mace JW, Sharkey J, Chen-Daniel J, Bell GI. A case of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha diabetes/MODY3 masquerading as type 1 diabetes in a Mexican-American adolescent and responsive to a low dose of sulfonylurea. Diabetes Care 1999 22(5) 867-8. 

Pearson ER, Liddell WG, Shepherd M, Corrall RJ, Hattersley AT. Sensitivity to sulphonylureas in patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor-lalpha gene mutations evidence for pharmacogenetics in diabetes. Diabet Med 2000 17(7) 543-5. 

Barbier O, Girard H, Inoue Y, et al. Hepatic expression of the UGT1A9 gene is governed by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha. Mol Pharmacol 2005 67(l) 241-249. 

Gardner-Stephen DA, Mackenzie PI. Hepatocyte nuclear factorl transcription factors are essential for the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 promoter response to hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2007 17(1) 25 36. 

Gregory PA, Lewinsky RH, Gardner-Stephen DA, et al. Coordinate regulation of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8, 1A9, and 1A10 genes by hepatocyte nuclear factor lalpha and the caudal-related homeodomain protein 2. Mol Pharmacol 2004 65(4) 953-963. 

Ohtsuka H, Abe T, Onogawa T, et al. Famesoid X receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factors lalpha and 3beta are essential for transcriptional activation of the liver-specific organic anion transporter-2 gene. J Gastroenterol 2006 41 369-377. 

Jung D, Kullak-Ublick GA. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha a key mediator of the effect of bile acids on gene expression. Hepatology 2003 37 622-631. 

A third type of protein involved in subunit assembly is a dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-la, which selectively stabilizes the dimeric structure of the transcription factor necessary for the binding to DNA.57 Although the transcription factor can dimerize on its own in vitro, in vivo assembly is suggested to be regulated by this tissue-specific 11-kDa cofactor protein.57 ... 

The d,-antitrypsin promoter contains a consensus TATA box, a B-recognition element for transcription-activating factor IIB, a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 site, and two non-tissue-specific regions that increase transcription. There is a 3 enhancer region with five potential binding sites for transcription factors. The specific factors that bind in this area remain to be described. 

Several papers utilizing 3 mm probe capabilities were also published that delved into the area of protein structures. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 was studied by a group lead by Williams.155 It is interesting to note that a 2.7 A X-ray study showed a fatty acid in the pocket of HNF4y. Gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 3 mm NMR studies of extracts from purified HNF4x led to the identification of mixtures of saturated and crs-monounsaturated Ci4 to Qg fatty acids. Bertini and co-workers156 utilized 3 mm probe capabilities in the determination of the solution structure of CopC, a cupredoxin-like protein involved in copper homeostasis. 

Bacq, Y., Jacquemin, E., Balabaud, C., Jeannot, E., Scotto, B., Branch-ereau, S., Laurent, C., Bourlier, R, Pariente, D., de Muret, A., Fabre, M., Bioulac-Sage, R, Zucman-Rossi, J. Familial liver adenomatosis associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha inactivation (case report). Gastroenterology 2003 125 1470-1475... 

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is characterized by type 2 diabetes at or before adolescence. It is a genetically heterogeneous disease, for which at least five different genes have been identified. MODY3, one of the most common forms, is characterized by a mutation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-lo gene. MODY3 can be very sensitive to sulfonylureas (SEDA-22, 475) (9,10). 

Lin B, Morris DW, Chou JY. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha is an accessory factor required for activation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription by glucocorticoids. DNA Cell Biol 1998 17 967. ... 

Subfamily 2 retinoid X receptor homology hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) a, y retinoid X receptor (RXR) a, p, y testicular receptor (TR2, TR4)... 

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