Hepatitis immune globulin

Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B vaccine and 0.5 mL hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth at separate sites. The second dose is recommended at age 1-2 months and the vaccination series should be completed (third or fourth dose) at age 6 months. 

An example of passive immunity is the administration of immune globulins (see Summary Drug Table Agents for Passive Immunity), such as hepatitis B immune globulin. Administration of this vaccine is an attempt to prevent hepatitis B after the individual has been exposed to the virus. 

Managing viral hepatitis involves both prevention and treatment. Prevention of hepatitis A and B (and indirectly for hepatitis D) can be achieved with immune globulin or vaccines. There is no specific pharmacologic treatment for acute viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E only supportive care is available. Individuals with mild to moderate symptoms rarely require hospitalization. Occasionally, hospitalization is required in individuals experiencing significant nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and encephalopathy. Liver transplantation may be required in rare instances if fulminant hepatitis develops. 

Individuals at high risk of acquiring hepatitis A (see Table 21-1) should receive either serum immune globulin or the hepatitis A vaccine, depending on their personal circumstances, as described below.1,5... 

Immune globulin (IG) is a solution containing antibodies from sterilized pooled human plasma that provides passive immunization against various infectious diseases, including hepatitis A.5 Immune globulin is available for either intravenous (IVIG)... 

HB, hepatitis B anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibody HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen HBIG, hepatitis B immune globulin. 

Two products are available for prevention of hepatitis B infection hepatitis B vaccine, which provides active immunity, and hepatitis B immune-globulin (HBIg), which provides temporary passive immunity. 

If mother is hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, administer HepB and 0.5 mL of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth. 

Immune Globulin (IG) IG is a sterile solution containing antibodies from human blood. It is obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of large pools of blood plasma and contains 15-18 percent protein. Intended for intramuscular administration, IG is primarily indicated for routine maintenance of immunity of certain immunodeficient persons and for passive immunity against measles and hepatitis. IG does not transmit hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or other infectious diseases. 

Hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix) Vaccine Inj 1 mL 1 mL IM folbwed by 1 mL IM 6-12 months later. 96% effective. For immediate protection, give immune globulin (0.02 mL/kg IM) simultaneously. 

Three basic approaches are used to control viral diseases vaccination, antiviral chemotherapy, and stimulation of host resistance mechanisms. Vaccination has been used successfully to prevent measles, rubella, mumps, poliomyelitis, yellow fever, smallpox, chickenpox, and hepatitis B. Unfortunately, the usefulness of vaccines appears to be limited when many stereotypes are involved (e.g., rhinoviruses, HIV). Furthermore, vaccines have little or no use once the infection has been established because they cannot prevent the spread of active infections within the host. Passive immunization with human immune globulin, equine antiserum, or antiserum from vaccinated humans can be used to assist the body s own defense mechanisms. Intramuscular preparations of immune globulin may be used to prevent infection following viral exposure and as replacement therapy in individuals with antibody deficiencies. Peak plasma concentrations of intramuscular immune globulins occur in about 2 days. In contrast, intravenously administered immune globulin provides immediate passive immunity. 

Antibodies and derivatives Immune globulin against hepatitis B (human) BayHep B 217IU/mlin 1 or 5 ml vial, 0.06 ml/kg IM NA... 

Hepatitis B immune globulin (human), purified by chromatography procedure... 

Infants born to seropositive mothers Should receive the first dose within 12 hours after birth (with hepatitis immune globulin), the second dose at 1-2 months of age, and the third dose at 6 months of age. 

Hepatitis A Immune globulin (intramuscular [IM]) Preexposure prophylaxis 0.02 mL/ kg IM for anticipated risk of s 3 months, 0.06 mL/kg for anticipated risk of > 3 months, repeated every 4-6 months for continued exposure. Preexposure and postexposure hepatitis A prophylaxis. The availability of hepatitis A vaccine has greatly reduced the need for preexposure prophylaxis. 

Hepatitis Hepatitis immune globulin (HBIG) 0.06 mL/kg IM as soon as possible after exposure up to 1 week for percutaneous exposure or 2 weeks for sexual exposure. 0.5 mL IM within 12 hours after birth for perinatal exposure. Postexposure prophylaxis in nonimmune persons following percutaneous, mucosal, sexual, or perinatal exposure. Hepatitis vaccine should also be administered. 

---