Heparin, colloidal

The results obtained with ISEs have been compared several times with those of other methods. When the determination of calcium using the Orion SS-20 analyser was tested, it was found that the results in heparinized whole blood and serum were sufficiently precise and subject to negligible interference from K and Mg ([82]), but that it is necessary to correct for the sodium error, as the ionic strength is adjusted with a sodium salt [82], and that a systematic error appears in the presence of colloids and cells due to complexa-tion and variations in the liquid-junction potential [76]. Determination of sodium and potassium with ISEs is comparable with flame photometric estimation [39, 113, 116] or is even more precise [165], but the values obtained with ISEs in serum are somewhat higher than those from flame photometry and most others methods [3, 25, 27, 113, 116]. This phenomenon is called pseudohyponatremia. It is caused by the fact that the samples are not diluted in ISE measurement, whereas in other methods dilution occurs before and during the measurement. On dilution, part of the water in serum is replaced by lipids and partially soluble serum proteins in samples with abnormally increased level of lipids and/or proteins. 

Some difficulty was experienced in establishing a strict correlation between liberation of amino group and sulfate release. For example, Wolfrom and McNeely, and Jorpes, Bostrom and Mutt, did not obtain correspondence between these when heparin was treated with hot, dilute acid. It was suggested that retention of the barium sulfate in the colloidal state (peptization) by the heparin might be responsible for inaccurate results in sulfate analysis. If, however, heparin was first treated with hot, dilute alkali, then, on subsequent acid treatment, correspondence between release... 

Wni i c phagocytic labeling of leucocytes proceeded for instance with a commercial suinTc-albumin colloid kit. ITie leucocytes were separated from 40 ml heparinized blood. ITie preparation appeared to be stable for 2-3 h after labeling. Imaging time was 30 min to 4 h post-administration. About 20 % of the labeled colloid remained unbound to the WBCs. The preparation contained approximately equal activities of granulocytes and monocytes [163. ... 

Ruan Q et al (2009) Investigation of layer-by-layer assembled heparin and chitosan multilayer films via electrochemical spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 333 725-733 Fu J et al (2006) Construction of antibacterial multilayer films containing nanosilver via layer-by-layer assembly of heparin and chitosan-silver ions complex. J Biomed Mater Res A 79A 665-674... 

A colloidal reaction product appears to form at the volume ratio corresponding to the conductance peaks in the case of the aminoglycoside-heparin mixture. The suspensoid readily redissolves on agitation the turbid reaction mixture clarifies on shaking. 

Sun, M., Deng, J., Gao, C., 2015. The correlation between fibronectin adsorption and attachment of vascular cells on heparinized polycaprolactone membrane. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 448, 231—237. 

M. Houska and E. Brynda, Interactions of proteins with p>olyelec-trolytes at solid/liquid interfaces sequential adsorption of albumin and heparin. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 188(2), 243-250 (1997). 

Gott, V.L., et al.. Heparin bonding on colloidal graphite surface. Science 142, (1963) 1297-1303. 

Golander, C., Arwin, H., Eriksson, J., Lundstrom, I., Larsson, R. Heparin surface film formation through adsorption of colloidal particles studied by eUipsometry and scanning electron microscopy. Colloids Surf. 5(1), 1-16 (1982)... 

By varying the exit angle, surface concentration profiles can be investigated by means of ESCA . A recent study, of medical interest, dealt with blood-compatible surfaces. The systems studied were colloidal heparin, or dextran sulphate stabilized with hexadecyl ammonium chloride, deposited onto steel substrates, and chemically related substances. Using the angular dependence techniques it was then found that the intensity ratio for the S2p peaks from disulfide and sulphate exhibit exit angular dependences for albumin covered... 

Yuan, W., Fu, J., Su, K., Ji, J. Self-assembled chitosan/heparin multilayer film as a novel template for in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Colloids Surf. B 76, 549—555 (2010)... 

Brynda, E. and Houska, M., Multiple alternating molecular layers of albumin and heparin on solid surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci, 1996. 183(1) p. 18-25. Godinez, L.A., et al.. Multilayer self-assembly of amphiphilic cyclodextrin hosts on bare and modified gold substrates controlling aggregation via surface modification. Langmuir, 1998. 14(1) p. 137-144. 

Liang, P., et al., 2013. Facile preparation of heparin/CaCOj/CaP hybrid nano-carriers with controllable size for anticancer drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 102, 783-788. http //www.sciencedirect.eom/science/article/pii/S0927776512005048 (accessed 10.01.16.). 

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