Nano-carriers

As mentioned in the introduction, the idea is to first synthesize a hydrosol (PdO, Sn02), and then contacting it with a stannate (or palladate) complex aqueous solution. The initial oxide suspension acts as a nano carrier for the second element. 

Kim Y, Dalhaimer P et al (2005) Polymeric worm micelles as nano-carriers for thug delivery. Nanotechnology 16 S484... 

Kim, Y Dalhaimer, R Christian, D. A. Discher, D. E. Rolymeric worm micelles as nano-carriers for drug delivery. Nanotechnology 2005, 16, 484 91. 

T. Endres, M. Zheng, M. Beck-Broichsitter, O. Samsonova, H. Debus, and T. Kissel, Optimising the self-assembly of siRNA loaded PEG-PCL-IPEI nano-carriers employing different preparation techniques. Journal of Controlled Release, 160, 583-591, 2012. 

Kim, J. Y, Choi, W. I., Kim, Y. H., Tae, G. (2013). Brain-targeted delivery of protein using chitosan-and RVG peptide-conjugated, pluronic-based nano-carrier, 34(4), 1170-1178. 

Key words nanoparticles, nano-carriers, nanovaccines, in vivo diagnostics, self-assembled hydrogels, nanocomposites. 

Route of administration and biodistribution of injectable nano-carriers... 

We will here focus on nanoparticles as a typical example of nano-carriers. Nanoparticles can be seen as sub-micron colloidal objects with a predominantly elastic mechanical behaviour (solid-like bodies), which can be loaded with therapeutically active compounds on their surface, in their bulk or both. Drug-loaded nanoparticles have been administered as nano-carriers in water-based dispersions through virtually all parenteral routes, i.e., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular and also intraperitoneal, but they have also been used to prepare macroscopic materials in situ (Fig. 12.1). 

As a result, a vast number of nano-carriers have been used for the tumour-targeted delivery of active principles they include liposomes," " micelles," " polymeric nanoparticles," " " solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN)," dendrimers, nanoshells, and magnetic nanoparticles. " Examples of nano-carriers with proven clinical efficacy are reported in Table 12.2. 

Despite the relatively large number of clinically tested nano-carriers, very few of them feature ligands for a targeted action drawbacks that have hindered these carriers commonly include the expression of the targeted receptors by non-... 

Table 12.2 Examples of clinically tested injectable nano-carriers used for tumour targeting. All these formulations are administered... 

Choi WI, Kim JY, Heo SU, Jeong YY, Kim YH, Tae G (2012) The effect of mechanical properties of iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded functional nano-carrier on tumor targeting and imaging. J Control Release 162 267-275... 

Reprinted from T.S. Sampath Kumar, K. Madhumathi, B. Rajkamal, S. Zaheatha, A. Rajathi Malar, S. Alamelu Bai, Enhanced protein delivery by multi-ion containing eggshell derived apatitic-alginate composite nano-carriers. Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces 123 (2014) 542-548. Copyright (2014), with permission from Elsevier. 

Nguyen J, Steele TW, Merkel O, Reul R, Kissel T. Fast degrading polyesters as siRNA nano-carriers for pulmonary gene therapy. J Control Release 2008 132(3) 243—51. 

Pansare VJ, Hejazi S, Faenza WJ, Pmd homme RK (2012) Review of long-wavelength optical and NIR imaging materials contrast agents, fluorophores, and multifunctional nano carriers. Chem Mater 24 812-827... 

Chen F, Zhu Y. Chitosan enclosed mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug nano-carriers Sensitive response to the narrow pH range. Microporous and Mesoporous Mater. 2012 150 83-9. 

Chitosan-g-NIPAM-co-N, N-dimethylacrylamide nano carrier encapsulating magnetite core (Fe O ) coupled with a drug via an acid-labile hydrazone bond It showed thermoresponsive behavior with a LCST of 38°C and faster drug release at pH 5.3. [32]... 

Preparation of magnetic nano-carriers possessed tmiform core/sheU/shell nano-stmcture composed of 40 run magnetite particles/poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA))/polyGMA, which was constracted by admicellar polymerization was reported by Honda et al.[65]... 

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