Hemolytic index

If the substances separated on a TLC plate are not directly visible and do not react to UV light, they can be caused to absorb light or to fluoresce by reaction with suitable reagents. In the case of biological reactions, the result can be obtained, for example, as the hemolytic index (HI) on coating the plate with blood-gelatin or as the measured values found from an enzymatic inhibition test. 

The hemolytical index of 21 triterpenoid saponins from Solidago virgaurea, Heteropappus altaicus, H. biennis and Helianthus annuus, containing different carbohydrate moieties was examined in view of a... 

Elbary et al. [114] have correlated the spermicidal efficacy and the hemolytic index of the saponin fraction of Gypsophila paniculata and saponins derived from other plants. Gypsophila saponins were relatively superior when used either as aqueous solution or as formulation in polyethylene glycol ointment base. 

Ss isolated by Kitagawa had hemolytic index below 100, almost without hemolyzation.(9)... 

Phytochemistry An important source of saponins. Roots contain up to 30 % saponins with a hemolytic index of 1 1000 or 1 2860 and aboveground parts of the plant have saponins with an index of 1 240 (Khalmatov 1964 Yukhananov et al. 

Documented effects Saponins from this species have a hemolytic index of 1 2800-1 20000 (Khalmatov 1964). An extract of the aboveground parts showed significant antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Fazly Bazzaz and Haririzadeh 2003). 

Phytochemistry Roots contain tannins, up to 1.5 % total alkaloids (leontidine, leontine, leontamine, pachycarpine, and d-lupanine) and up to 30 % starch. The plant contains saponins with a hemolytic index of 1 240 in the aboveground portion of the plant and 1 6,000 in the tubers. Taspine, methylcytidine, and isoleontine were isolated from aboveground portion of the plant (Yunusov 1981). 

Phytochemistry Aboveground plant parts contain 0.4 % total alkaloids, from which spherophysine, spherosine, and saponins with hemolytic index of 1 40 have been isolated (Sokolov and Zamotaev 1989). Isoflavans, lignans, coumarins, flavonoids, and sterols have also been isolated from the plant (Ma et al. 2002b, 2003,2004a, b Hou et al. 2005). 

Documented effects Hemolytic index of the herb is equal to 1 1450, of the roots 1 4000, and the seeds contain 3.18 % of a poisonous saponin with a high hemolytic index (1 50,000 in human blood and 1 25,000 in dog s blood). Convolvine and convolamine act as local anesthetics. However, because they are highly toxic and not very effective, they are not used for this purpose. After modification, a derivative of convolamine, convocaine, was introduced for use in hospitals (Ogolevitz 1951). Peptides isolated from the seeds exhibited estrogen-like activity and caused uterine contractions in vitro (Morita et al. 1997a, b). 

Phytochemistry The whole plant contains alkaloids, including anabasine and plantagonine, saponins, triterpenoid saponins, and vitamin C (Khodzhimatov 1989 Seifert et al. 1991 Hartleb and Seifert 1995). The aboveground parts contains saponins with a hemolytic index of 1 250 (Khalmatov 1964). 

Erythrocyte hemolysis. The experiments were performed in PBS using a static method according to [12]. The degree of erythrocyte lysis due to sample activity was calculated as the hemolytic index %H = where Hb is the... 

Erythrocyte hemolysis. Hemolysis experiments were performed in PBS using static method, as previously described [2], The degree of hemolysis due to sample activity was calculated as the hemolytic index %H = (Hb - Hbo/Hb,ot) 100%, where Hb is the total amount of released hemoglobin in the assayed sample, Hbo the amount released due to basal hemolysis (200pl erythrocytes incubated with 50pl PBS), and Hb,ot the total amount of released hemoglobin in fully disrupted erythrocytes (0.2 ml erythrocytes in 19.8 ml H2O MilU Q). 

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