Heat balance fuel inputs

The mass and heat balances of the process are satisfactory when coal is gasified to a 53% carbon conversion in the gasifier and the remaining 47% of carbon is sent to the regenerator. From the heat values of the produced fuel gas and the input coal, the cold-gas efficiency (91 vol% H2 with 9 vol% CH4 298 K, 0.1 MPa) was calculated to be higher than 0.77. 

A typical heat balance for Run LSF 34 on No. 6 oil is given in Table V. The calculated efficiencies are also given in the table. Heat input terms consist of the input heat from the fuel, the fuel sensible heat, and the makeup water sensible heat. The heat available from combustion of the fuel is calculated from the measured volumetric flow rate, the measured fuel heating value, and the measured fuel density at the nozzle temperature. The fuel sensible heat contains the fuel mass flow rate, the measured temperature at the nozzle, a reference temperature, and an estimated specific heat for the oil of 0.480 Btu/lb°F. The specific heat was taken from graphical information in the ASME Power Test Code. Similarly, the water sensible heat calculation contains a tabular value... 

Heat Balance— To Find Needed Fuel Inputs... 

The preparation af a heat balance takes as a starting point the measurement of the output by weighing of the feed or product, whichever can be carried out in the most exact way. Weighing of clinker is normally preferred. The input of fuel should also be weighed during the test period. For calculation of the radiation and convection losses, the surface temperatures must be measured on cooler, kiln and preheater. 

An equation representing an energy balance on a combustion chamber of two surface zones, a heat sink Ai at temperature T, and a refractory surface A assumed radiatively adiabatic at Tr, inmost simply solved if the total enthalpy input H is expressed as rhCJYTv rh is the mass rate of fuel plus air and Tp is a pseudoadiabatic flame temperature based on a mean specific heat from base temperature up to the gas exit temperature Te rather than up to Tp/The heat transfer rate out of the gas is then H— — T ) or rhCp(T f — Te). The... 

One of the major technical problems that had to be overcome to integrate the POLYBED system with the steam reformer was the variation in tail gas flow and composition. Because of the cyclic nature of the process, tail gas is rejected by the POLYBED unit during blowdown and purge with significant flow and composition variations. The fluctuations would have made it impossible to use the tail gas for fuel and a sophisticated system was developed to balance tail gas heating value. This buffer/mixing tank system has proven to be very reliable in holding heat input variation to 1% (2). ... 

Run Fuel % (A Enthalpy Balance) Efficiency % % (Heat Loss) (Input-Output) ... 

Prepare a Fortran program that will use the input number of atoms of C, H, and O in the fuel, the reactant moles and temperatures, and product composition and temperature, to make both material and energy balances for a combustion process. Assume that the process is adiabatic. Take the heat capacity equations and AH/ data from Appendix K and Table D.l. 

In cases where heat recovery was practiced, the overall thermal efficiency was assumed to be 507o. The major heat loss was the hot flue gases, but other losses included sensible heat plus the unburned fixed carbon in the ash, and radiation losses from the incinerator unit. Figure 1 shows a summary of the mass and energy balances for a metric ton refuse input to the incinerator. Some auxiliary fuel consumption was assumed (based on discussions with system designers and the actual operating experience of users) for startup, temperature control, and pilot burners in the secondary combustion chambers. 

The pressure balance is given by Equation (10.2) and the energy balance is given by Equation (10.3). In this system, it is assumed that part of the power generated by the fuel cell is used to electrically heat the reactor and thereby provide the heat input Q. Table 10.6 hsts the kinetic parameters and reactor parameters used in simulation studies. 

---