Pilot Burner

One or two pilot burners are provided at each end of the first stage burner line. These burners are 

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All flares must be provided with continuous pilots to ensure combustion of any releases discharged to them, and to prevent flame-out from occuring. Various designs of pilot burner are available, and proprietary tips for elevated flares are normally provided complete with pilots. 

Each pilot burner shall be equipped with a chrome/alumel thermocouple or similar device to sense the stams of the pilot flame. 

One set of ignition piping for each pilot burner header,... 

Three self inspirating pilot burners arranged at 120°,... 

The steam flow was (3.55 ton/hr, but the nitrogen flow was only 0.4 ton/hr, the most that could be made available. As the system cooled, air was drawn in. Some liquid hydrocarbon had been left in a blowdown vessel, and the air and hydrocarbon vapor formed a flammable mixture. According to the report, this moved up the stack and was ignited by the pilot burner, which was still lit. It is possible, however, that it was ignited by the maintenance operations. 

Before relighting a hot furnaee that burns fuel oil with a flash point above ambient temperature, sweep it out for a period of time, long enough to make sure that any unburnt oil has evaporated. If this eauses too mueh delay, then pilot burners supplied by an alternative supply should be kept alight at all times. 

Spar-beize, /. Metal.) inhibitor, restrainer, -beton, m. lean concrete, -brenner, m. economical burner pilot burner, sparen, v.t. spare, save. 

The definition of an automatic burner is A burner where, when starting from the completely shut-down condition, the start-gas flame is established and the main gas safety shut-off valves are activated without manual intervention. This means that a burner is only automatic if it is ignited by means of a remote interlock (e.g. thermostat, timeswitch, etc.) closing. A burner is not automatic if it has a pilot burner that remains ignited in the off condition. Nor is a burner strictly automatic if a start button needs to be pushed, even though the controls may comply with all requirements for automatic burners. 

Visual examination of ignition of pilot burner and main burner ... 

Flares ideally bum waste gas completely and smokelessly. Two types of flares are normally employed. The first is called the open flare, the second is called the enclosed flare. The major components of a flare consist of the burner, stack, water seal, controls, pilot burner, and ignition system. Flares required to process variable air volumes and concentrations are equipped with automatic pilot ignition systems, temperature sensors, and air and combustion controls. 

Two configurations of the RCL burn technology have been designed a catalytic pilot burner, which replaces the existing diffusion flame or partially premixed pilot of the DLN combustor [26], and a full catalytic burner [25]. 

The catalytic pilot burner processes only a fraction of the fuel and is targeted to retrofitting applications with minor combustor modifications. Test results indicate that to achieve effective stabilization of homogeneous combustion, 18-20% of the fuel-air must be processed in the catalytic pilot, which is a much higher fraction than the typical 2-5% processed in a conventional pilot burner. Under such conditions, test results demonstrated single-digit (<5 ppm at 15% O2) emissions of NO and CO with low acoustics at 50 and 100% load conditions. 

This configuration requires major design modification of the combustion with respect to the pilot burner, but has provided better emission performance NO, ... 

Tests are conducted in two modes. A six-tube premixed pilot burner is used in the flaming mode. The burner flames impinge on the lower half of the specimen surface. The burner is removed to conduct tests in the nonflaming mode. Three replicate tests are typically conducted in each mode. An additional set of three specimens are tested if there is a high variation in the results from the first set. 

Chapter 6 Smoke test. The test is based on the National Bureau of Standards (NBS, now NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology) smoke density chamber, which has also been standardized as ASTM E 66239 (see also Section 4.1.1). The test exposes a vertical test specimen ca. 75 mm x 75 mm (3 in. x 3 in.) to an incident radiant heat flux of 25kW/m2, from a radiant heat burner for 4 min, in the presence of an open-flame pilot burner. The test applies to the same materials as the heat release rate test. The acceptance criterion is an average maximum specific optical density of smoke that does not exceed 200 (no units). 

This flame tunnel set-up was originally equipped with a modified oil burner RZ 3.3 from MAN, Germany, The burner was then fitted with a pilot burner for ignition of the bio-oil. A fuel pump delivers the fuel flow rate and pressure for load levels varying between 70 % and 100 % via electrically controlled valves. 

In cases where heat recovery was practiced, the overall thermal efficiency was assumed to be 507o. The major heat loss was the hot flue gases, but other losses included sensible heat plus the unburned fixed carbon in the ash, and radiation losses from the incinerator unit. Figure 1 shows a summary of the mass and energy balances for a metric ton refuse input to the incinerator. Some auxiliary fuel consumption was assumed (based on discussions with system designers and the actual operating experience of users) for startup, temperature control, and pilot burners in the secondary combustion chambers. 

In general, burners can be ignited by a manual torch by a continuous, intermittent, or interrupted pilot burner or by direct electrical means per NFPA 86 (sect. 4-2.8.1 and sect. 4-3.8.1). Burners may also be ignited by autoignition due to a furnace temperature that is above the autoignition temperature per NFPA 86 (sect. 5-9 and sect. 5-17). See Section 10.4.9 for more details. 

NES 711 [105] uses the NBS test cabinet but involves a number of fundamental modifications, i.e.. the cabinet includes a smoke stirring fan, a dificrent pilot burner is used, the first 4 minutes of the test are under nonflaming conditions and the remainder under flaming conditions, and the results are expressed as an index calculated from the time for the smoke transmittance to reduce to 70, 40, 10%, and the minimum value. In practice, this means that the smoke index is biased against materials that generate large amounts of smoke in the early part of the test. 

The Radiant Flooring Panel Test apparatus consists of an air-gas-fiieled radiant heat panel inclined at 30° to and directed at a horizontally mounted floor covering system specimen. The radiant panel generates a heat flux distribution along the 1-m length of the test specimen from a nominal maximum of 10 kW/m (1 W/cm ) to a minimum of 1 kW/m (0.1 W/cm ). The test is initiated by open-flame ignition from a pilot burner. The heat flux at the location of maximum flame propagation is reported as the critical radiant flux. 

Pilot turn down tests As required/ annually Service technician Required after any adjustments to flame scanner mount or pilot burner verify annually... 

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