Heat and power applications

Stationary use of fuel cells for the industrial and residential sectors is often foreseen in combined heat and power applications, but these are mainly run on syngas and/or natural gas instead of hydrogen. 

Bituminous coal is a dense coal, usually black, sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material, used primarily as fuel in steam-electric power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke. The moisture content of bituminous coal is usually less than 20% by weight. The heat content of bituminous coal ranges from 21 to 30 million Btu/ton on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis. 

The net electrical efficiency of a PAFC is typically about 40%, and a total efficiency of approximately 85% when operating in cogeneration (combined heat and power applications). 

Matts, D. et al. Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion for Industrial Combined Heat and Power Applications," IEEConf. Publ., 272 (lnt. Conf. Ind. Power Eng., 1986), p. 195(1986). 

Southeast Cooling Heating and Power Application Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, U.S.A. 

B. Keith Hodge / Southeast Cooling, Heating and Power Application Center,... 

In stationary applications the demanding requirement for fuel cell technology is life time. Minimum operation times of40 000h are required for combined heat and power applications. 

Wild, P. J., R. G. Nyqvist, F. A. Bruijn, and E. R. Stobbe. 2006. Removal of sulphur-containing odorants from fuel gases for fuel cell-based combined heat and power applications. /. Power Sources 159 995-1004. 

Braun, R.J. (2010) Techno-economic optimal design of solid oxide fuel cell systems for micro-combined heat and power applications in the US. J. Pud Cell Sci. Technd., 7, 031018. 

In case of a heat and power application, the ABV plant is coupled with a district heating... 

PAFC fuel cells are a namral At for combined heat and power applications. The use of CHP fuel cell systems in commercial buildings such as supermarkets, office towers, schools, data centers, industrial buildings, etc., improves overall efficiency... 

Jarvi T (2009) Fuel cells for combined heat and power applications. University of Pennsylvania, 26 Sept 2009... 

Birnbaum, U., M. Haines, J.R Hake, and J. Linssen. 2008. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through fuel cell combined heat and power applications. 17th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Brisbane, Australia. 

Bituminous coal - a dense coal, usually black, is used primarily as fuel for heat and power applications but also for the manufacture of blast furnace coke. 

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