Hazards and risk reduction

Scenarios with common consequences and severities are grouped and documented in Hazard Consequence Reports which initially identify the related hazardous conditions, scenario initiating events, and the relevant scenarios. These reports are used as inputs for Safety Risk Assessment, and provide for the subsequent tracking, verification, and acceptance of hazard and risk reduction measures. 

The hazard and risk reduction process is based on a well established principle which has been applied in the qualitative risk management of... 

Figure 6 gives an overview of the application of the hazard and risk reduction process to the hazard and accident scenario. Although this process is in general a joint safety and engineering activity, safety risk management is necessary in order to support the achievement and verification of optimised solutions. 

The practical implementation of hazard and risk reduction is based primarily on lessons learned during the last thirty-five years of spaceflight. It is applied at different levels of design from system down to component level as the project progresses from concept to detailed design. They cover all aspects of the hazard and risk reduction process. 

The lessons which have been learned have been developed into a myriad of safety and reliability design requirements and guidelines. Many of these are currently defined in numerous technical specifications. They are applied deterministically based on the results of the safety analyses and by the application of the hazard and risk reduction process. 

Detailed technical requirements and guidelines are given in ESA PSS-01-402, which is currently in preparation. This will ultimately form the basis of a safety engineering database. This database is intended to provide support to the safety analyst and the design engineer in the performance of hazard and risk reduction. It will also include the rationale behind the requirements, together with the associated hazards and possible related hazardous events. 

Safety risk acceptance is implemented incrementally starting with hazard and risk reduction. The acceptance stages which coincide with the major programme reviews, comprise the acceptance of ... 

This completes the study of the basic principles of hazards and risk reduction principles. The key points are sununarized here ... 

Chapter 2 Hazards and risk reduction. An examination of basic hazards, the chemical process, hazards studies, the lEC model, protection layers, risk reduction and classification and the important concept of the safety integrity level (SIL). 

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