Hazard Analysis and Control

Hazard analysis involves evaluating each identified hazard by determining the potential severity of accidents resulting from each hazard and the probability that such an accident will occur. 

Hazard control involves applying the safety precedence sequence to identified hazards that present unacceptable risks until the risks are controlled to an acceptable level. Inherent in the analysis and control process is verification 

Very little real analysis is completed during the concept phase because analysis detail and data are generally not available. A preliminary risk assessment code (RAC) is determined, however, as part of the preliminary hazard list. This initial RAC is used to aid in determining the initial scope of the system safety effort and in the early evaluation of alternative designs and approaches. 

Even though no formal attempt is made to control hazards and controls are normally not addressed in preliminary hazard lists, some control may be achieved by eliminating obviously hazardous approaches during the initial screening of concepts. 

The major hazard analysis and control effort is concentrated in the design phase (or phases). The first and in many ways the most important hazard analysis is the preliminary hazard analysis (PHA). 

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HACCP provides a very basic approach to hazard analysis and control. Computer systems supporting licensed products with medicinal properties should consider more rigorous techniques, such as CHAZOP and FMEA, described below. 

CFR 1910.120 29 CFR 1926.65 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response For decommissioning activities conducted under CERCLA, requires hazard analysis and control of change for all potential worker hazards. (There are other OSHA regulations that require hazard assessments [e.g., lead and asbestos] that may be applicable to disposition activities.) Health and Safety Plan (Documentation of these other assessments as required by OSHA.)... 

All onsite work is performed based on two LIRs Documentation of Safe Work Practices (LIR 300-00-02.2) and Hazard Analysis and Control for Facility Work (LIR 402-10-01.4). These LIRs ensure that the work is screened consistently to uniform criteria and that hazards are appropriately analyzed and... 

According to the Draft Standard, the employer should analyze the problem job to identify the ergonomic risk factors that result in MSD hazards. The employer should eliminate the MSD hazards, reduce them to the extent feasible, or materially reduce them using the incremental abatement process in the standard. If the MSD hazards only pose a risk to the employee with the covered MSD, the job hazard analysis and control can be limited to that individual employee s job. In such a case, the employer should ... 

Figure 7-3 Hazard Analysis and Control. Like hazard identification, hazard analysis and control must be life cycle efforts.

At periodic intervals during the life cycle, OHAs are performed. The frequency is determined by the nature of the system, the projected life of the system, and the actual accident experience. Typically, the frequency of inspections and hazard analysis and control efforts is high during the early life cycle, lowest during the middle, and increasing as the end product approaches the end of its projected life. 

Other important hazard analysis and control efforts during the operating phases are accident analysis and change analysis. Hazards identified as the result of accidents and changes must be systematically analyzed and controlled to an acceptable level of risk in the same manner as those identified during design. 

U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Job Hazard Analysis and Control (I9I0.9I7-922), Subject Index. Internet 2001. Available at http //www.osha.gov. 

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