Harvesting machines

Hydrostatic Transmissions. The most recent use of hydrauhc power has been in hydrostatic transmissions which are used in many self-propelled harvesting machines and garden tractors and in large tractors and constmction machines. Apphcations in tmcks for highway operation also are being developed. No clutch is used and no gear shifting is involved, thus this type of transmission could be called automatic, but in all other respects the hydrostatic transmission has no similarity to the hydrokinetic automatic transmission (16). 

We all know of the old practice of "pickin cotton" - harvesting cotton bolls by hand. In general, this practice has been replaced by machine harvesters. Since introduction of the harvest machine, use of chemical aids has become common-place. Cotton leaves are defoliated by chemical harvest aids on more than 75% of the cotton acreage in the U.S. - representing more than 7 million acres of cotton. 

Oil leaks from the hydraulic jack of the harvesting machines and presses can also contaminate the grapes (Fig. 10.1). 

Proteolytic activity in the juice of the pineapple plant Ananas comosus) was first reported in 1879 (7). More recently, the juice from the stem of the pineapple plant was shown to be a rich source of stem bromelain. This name is used to distinguish the enzyme from another which is derived from the fruit (8, 9). Mature pineapple stems are collected by special harvesting machines. The juice is pressed by special mills and then filtered. Most commercial preparations of bromelain have been precipitated from the stem juice by acetone. 

Also, the early harvest is not recommended because the pectins in the fruit peduncles did not allow divide the individual mericarps. The growths are harvested direcdy by the harvest machines, which have to be adjusted to reduce the damage of the achenes. Caraway fruits could not be steamy. 

Because harvest machines leave a small proportion of grain on the soil and foxtail millet yield is more than 10s grains/ha, it is highly probable that resistant hybrid seeds will be released in the soil. 

The use of NIR for process analysis and real-time analysis of complex samples is impressive. Grains such as wheat and com can be measured with no sample preparation for protein content, water content, starch, lipids, and other components. An NIR spectrometer is now commercially available on grain harvesting machines to measure protein, moisture, and oil as the grain is being harvested. The analysis is performed in real-time, as the... 

Consider the following scenario. Harvesting machines (Fig. 5.3) are replacing migrant workers as grape pickers in northern California [62]. Today, such machines... 

Figure 4A.18 Potatoes, (a) Drawing of a potato crop (Amidie Masclef, Atlasdesplantesde France, Tome III, Paris Klincksieck(1893)p. 234) (b,c) Potatoe harvesting and potatoe harvesting machine Qingdao Hongzhu Agricuiturai Machinery Co., Qingdao.

Mechanical harvesting facilitates the realization of the above recommendations. Progress in harvest machine technology has helped to avoid berry alteration and excessive vegetal debris. Thanks to its speed and ease of use, the harvester permits a rapid harvest of grapes at their optimal quality level and at the most favorable moment. Manual grape-picking can be even more selective and qualitative, but its cost is not justifiable in all wineries. 

Hand picking is advantageous compared to machine picking, as only fibers from completely mature capsules are being collected. Usually, this cotton contains fewer plant contaminants. For automated picking, two kinds of harvest machines are used the stripper and the spindle picker. 

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