Hardware Needs

Configuration What is special hardware needed What is special software needed ... 

Perhaps the easiest choice to make in defining computer requirements is the hardware. Many people may disagree with this viewpoint. There are dozens of choices of popular hardware platforms, depending on the size of your business or your personal preference. The hardware is, however, not important. The software runs your business. Defining the software that will be needed to do a job is the hard part. Once the software has been chosen, the hardware requirements of the software define the hardware needed. 

Constant folding computes the value of the right-hand-side expression during compile time and assigns the value to Yak. No hardware need be generated. This leads to savings in logic optimization time. 

The only pieces of hardware needed for photo-CIDNP are a light source and an unmodified NMR spectrometer. Pulsed lasers are most convenient for illumination, as they allow both time-resolved experiments (when the laser flash is followed by an acquisition pulse after a variable time delay) and steady-state ones (when the laser is triggered with a high repetition rate, thus providing quasi-continuous excitation). All the examples of this work draw on the second variant. Nevertheless, they yield kinetic information about much faster processes than would be observable by direct... 

Computer hardware needs to be assembled in accordance with good practice and any manufacturer s instructions. Hardware components should be itemized in the Hardware Design and checked as part of the Installation Qualification. 

It may be tempting to assume that COTS software and hardware needs no validation since they come from a reputable source and are market-tested. This is often an invalid assumption, as many products have unknown provenance and supplier auditing is frequently impractical. In the U.K. such software is sometimes referred to as Software of Unknown Pedigree (SOUP). Soups, while often tasty, are sometimes thick and murky — one cannot see to the bottom of the bowl The basic validation requirements for COTS software and hardware should answer the following questions (based on Off-the-Shelf Software Use in Medical Devices ) ... 

Do adequate procedures exist for the archiving and retrieving of media and data, which includes (where needed) archiving and storage of obsolete software and hardware needed to retrieve the electronic records through the required period of retention 11.10(c)... 

An additional factor influencing wide use is the cost of the hardware needed to run the software. Programs that have been targeted at the huge PC and Apple Macintosh markets have been quite successful. 

Figure 3. The sequence of optical hardware needed to view a specimen between crossed circular polars. A quarter wave plate typically introduces a path difference in the range 0.15pm to 0.16pm (approximately 1/4 of the wavelength of Nao light) between the slow and fast rays. The use of crossed circular polars to identify regions of zero birefringence unambiguously is most sensitive if the illumination has a wavelength of exactly four times the path difference introduced by the quarter wave plates.

The imaging hardware needs to be sensitive enough to detect minimally labeled proteins. Because a cooled, coupled charge device (CCD) had been used previously to image fluorescently labeled proteins in the gel, we decided to use a scientific grade CCD camera. CCD cameras without cooling do not have the requisite sensitivity of low noise capabilities. 

Thermocouple Components and Fabrication. A thermocouple measurement assembly includes a sensing element assembly, extension wires (when used), reference junction, connecting wires, an EMF-measuring device (possibly with signal-processing equipment), and other hardware needed for applications in adverse environments such as protection tubes, connectors, adapters, and so on. Each of the above components will be discussed in the following paragraphs. 

The volume and w eight targets include only the catalysts, not the hardware needed to house the catalysts or any heat exchangers. Over standard driving cycles. ... 

Before we consider crystal growth in detail, let us examine the hardware needed to obtain a melt. Many of the furnace components available have temperature limitations, and many of the crystals we might wish to grow have high melting points, i.e.- >1600 C. Thus, we may have to choose certciin combinations in order to get a furnace which will adequate for the task at hand. 

It was in this context that an industry solicitation was made among individuals having an active interest in the measurement field. Those contacted were asked to respond with items that sould be considered as elements of this comprehensive measurement plaa The many thoughts and ideas returned were combined into twenty specific elements under the generic headings of 1. Basic Research, 2. Laboratory Needs, 3. Hardware Needs, 4. Instmmentation, 5. Standards and 6. Associated Relationships. 

Users hnd slow performance of systems frustrating and in some cases clinicians may abandon use altogether. Hardware needs to be carefully specified, designed and monitored to ensure acceptable performance. 

The hardware needed to communicate with the EBB is unsophisticated. Most schools already have a computer that can communicate with a host through a modem. The EBB server is a Macintosh, and thus a Macintosh at the school is ideal since detailed graphics can be downloaded and printed. The EBB can communicate with IBM computers or clones, Apple II machines, and others, since most of these... 

Rationale To be acceptable to airlines, TCAS must minimize the amount of new hardware needed. 

Identify the resources available. What computational methods can be applied and what parameters and data are needed to implement a particular method Critical properties Heat capacities Vapor pressures Parameters for a PvTx equation of state Parameters in models for excess properties When available data are sparse (the usual situation) or unreliable or conflicting, then set upper and lower bounds on the property and do a sensitivity analysis (which input data have the largest impact on the calculated property ). Considerations should also be given to the resources needed to set up the calculation (pencil and paper, calculator commands, computer software, original computer codes) and the hardware needed to carry them out (brain, fingers, calculator, PC, workstation). 

Chapter 30 describes approaches that use technology to reduce costs through better information sharing. The technology needed for that sharing, for the purpose of this section, is secondary. In fact, much of the software and hardware needed may be in place already. 

Computer networks consist of the hardware needed for networking, such as computers and routers the software that provides the basic connectivity, such as the operating system and middleware and applications, the programs that allow users to use the network. In understanding how these components work together, it is useful to look at the basic connectivity of the wide area network and contrast that to the way computers access the wide area network. 

For high-level positions or to work as a researcher in industry or academia, a master of science degree or a doctorate is recommended. Work can also be found with governmental entities (such as NASA) and the military as well as manufacturers of virtual reality systems and products (such as head-mounted devices, screens, force feedback systems, and tracking systems). The producers of virtual reality software and hardware need skilled professionals such as electrical and mechanical engineers, roboticists, software... 

Hardware does not always fimction perfectly. Hardware wears over time. Hardware may show failures directly after production (called infant mortality). Hardware can also show slightly different performance now and then, or behave differently when the environment (e.g. temperature) changes. The hardware needs to be verified to withstand these kind of conditions. This is out of the scope of this paper. 

But there is more the software that is interacting with this hardware needs to be able to handle these imperfections failure of hardware needs to be detected and reported and acted upon, the software must be able to handle performance variations in the hardware. 

One of the limitations of DEM is in the number of particles that can be simulated. By increasing the number of particles, the contact detection requires to loop through a larger set of particles leading to extremely slow simulations. The relationship between the simulation time and number of particles is not usually linear. Additionally, larger number of particles requires more hardware needs in terms of memory (for storing individual particle information) and in terms of hard disk... 

This is a very contentious area. Heavy friction frequently occurs between the MIS and production departments over hardware needs, installation, and maintenance. We highly recommend consulting with the MIS manager prior to submitting any form of equipment requisition. Going around the MIS department and contracting directly with a vendor for equipment needs is a sure road to disaster. Remember, you do not want MIS as an active enemy (you will not win). Keeping this in mind, there are some points to look for. 

---