Hardware Modifications

Vapor Compression The vapor exiting the evaporator contains significant heating value as latent heat of vaporization. This energy can be recovered by heat-recovery techniques or multi-effect evaporation. The vapor can also be reused in the same unit If the temperature and pressure of the vapor stream are increased to the conditions existing at the time in the steam chests. The methods for reusing a fraction of this vapor are  

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This is a further deepened work of what Samsung Total accomplished[12-14] several years ago. Several operation conditions including hardware modification which may enhance the productivity were deduced and simulated using the simulation model. Some ideas wctb alre y applied to commercial plant when they were concluded practically reasonable while some are on the waiting list One of the examples of productivity enhancement is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 which compare the conversion profiles and MWDs under original and revised operation conditions. As shown in these two figures the productivity was mhanced while MWD docs not change much. 

The selected pin will only fit into that manufacturer s print head pins and print heads of different manufacturers cannot be interchanged without hardware modifications. Obviously, the number of pins and their configuration in the print head are determined by the print head design and this can also vary among manufacturers. Pins and print heads are expensive so choose wisely ... 

Hardware modification alone, without simultaneous consideration of how to meet catalyst property requirements, would not be enough to achieve success. Therefore, a catalyst development program was proposed and approved to help formulate new catalysts that could deal with these severe contaminants. 

Versatile Pulse Sequence One of the great strengths of FTMS is the flexibility to selectively accelerate, activate, and eject ions in any combination and any sequence without hardware modifications. This versatility makes FTMS the method of choice for MS/MS and hence for establishing pathways and rate constants for gas-phase ion-molecule reactions, and to correlate this data with structural information. Recently up to (MS)5 has been demonstrated (18). 

The HAZOP technique also can be used for the evaluation of procedures. Procedures may be regarded as a system designed to program an operator to carry out a sequence of correct actions. Deviations from intent are developed, with the emphasis on operator action deviation rather than physical property deviation. It is the procedure, not the hardware, that is the object of study, but hardware modifications may be recommended to cover potential problems identified from procedure deviations. 

The first part of this review introduces some of the practical considerations which may be required to obtain an NMR spectrum of a transition (or other) metal of interest. An underlying theme is that such studies are no longer limited to the determination of chemical shift or sample homogeneity, and literature examples (through mid-1986) have been selected with this more elaborate emphasis in mind. The second part of the review deals with a recent development in "high-pressure NMR which facilitates the study of systems under pressures up to a few thousand psi. An advantage of the approach described is that it may be implemented relatively easily and requires no hardware modification to the spectrometer. 

This catalytic ammoxidation process was truly revolutionary. Since the introduction of this technology, INEOS has developed and commercialized several improved catalyst formulations. These catalyst advancements have improved yields and efficiencies vs. each prior generation to continually lower the cost to manufacture acrylonitrile. INEOS continues to improve upon and benefit from this long and successful history of catalyst research and development. In fact, many of INEOS s licensees have been able to achieve increased plant capacity through a simple catalyst changeout, without the need for reactor or other hardware modifications. INEOS s catalyst system does not require changeout overtime, unless the licensee chooses to introduce one of INEOS s newer, more economically attractive catalyst systems. 

Flexibility for further evolution without any hardware modification. 

After initial installation and operation, application software and hardware modifications are implemented using strict plant-approved modification procedures. 

Hardware modifications resulting from accident analysis, SPSA and operating experience should be implemented as soon as possible together with administrative improvements. 

The 23 participants, representing 14 Member States, reviewed recent developments and discussed directions for future efforts in the area of safety analysis of nuclear power plants during low power and shutdown (LPS) conditions. During the meeting, 18 technical papers were presented, devoted to various aspects of LPS conditions probabilistic safety assessment studies, description of particular phenomena, calculational analysis of individual events, contents of safety reports, hardware modifications, experience from plant operations, etc. 

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