Hairy root transformation

Lotus corniculatus (hairy roots-transformed, Agrobacterium rhizogenes) A. rhizogenes Root tip elongation Root proton excretion Protoplast electrical potential102... 

Alkaloid pattern in hairy roots transformed with different strains of A. rhizogenes... 

In the hairy roots, transformed with A. rhizogenes 15834, hyoscyamine was the main alkaloid only for the first two weeks of culture in phytohormone-free WP liquid medium. After that time scopolamine became the major alkaloid. The production of scopolamine increased rapidly and it became almost double the amount of hyoscyamine at the end of the culture period. The yield of 6P-hydroxyhyoscyamine and 7P-hydroxyhyoscyamine produced in these hairy roots was comparable to that in the adventitious roots (Fig.7). 

In contrast to the transformants with strain A4, in the hairy roots transformed with strain 15834, the addition of lAA enhanced the alkaloid production when the roots were cultured in the dark (Fig. 8c). Maximal alkaloid content in the hairy roots was obtained with 2 mg /1 lAA. On the other hand, alkaloid production was slightly depressed in light grown cultures. Kinetin reduced alkaloid production in the hairy roots. 

Alkaloid production by H. albus hairy roots transformed MAFF 03-01724... 

Fig. 14. Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724. The roots were cultured in a 21 air-lift type fermenter with phytohormone-free WP liquid medium for 28 days.

Fig. 16. Possible biosynthetic pathway of tropane alkaloids in Hyoscyamus albiis hairy roots transformed with A. rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724.

Christen P, Aoki T, Shrmomura K (1992) Characteristics of growth and tropane alkaloid production in Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots transformed viiihAgrobacterium rhizogenes A4. Plant Cell Rep ll(12) 597-600. doi 10.1007/BF00236380... 

Cytochrome P450 2E1, rabbit Hairy root Atropa belladonna A. rhizogenes transformation of leaf explant CaMV 35S Not reported Not reported 22... 

Green fluorescent protein Hairy root Hyoscyamus muticus A. tumefaciens transformation CaMV 35S - Not reported 23... 

Camptothecin (Fig. 4), a quinoline alkaloid, is a potent anti-neoplastic agent that inhibits DNA topoisomerase I. Accumulation of up to 8 mg of camptothecin/L was reported for hairy root cultures of Ophiorriza pumila transformed with A. rhizogenes. Cotyledon-derived calluses of Nothapodytes foetida were able to produce not only camptothecin, but also its derivatives also known to exhibit anticancer activity. 

Sauerwein, M. and Shimomura, K. 1991. Alkaloid production in hairy roots of Hyoscyamus albus transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Phytochemistry, 30 3277-3280. 

Index Entries Panax ginseng transformed hairy root inoculum condition inoculum age root culture. 

Plants are known as a potential source of a large number of important biochemical constituents (1-3). In recent years, transformed hairy roots have been studied as a potential large-scale source for production of plant-derived useful compounds such as pharmaceuticals. They have several advantages compared to plant cell suspension culture, such as high growth rate, high and stable secondary metabolite productivity, autotrophy of... 

Atropa belladonna plants have been transformed with an H6H clone from H. niger. A. belladonna normally produces high levels of hyoscyamine, the precursor for the more pharmaceutically valuable alkaloid scopolamine (Fig. 3b). However, after transformation with the H6H gene, transgenic A. belladonna plants were shown to accumulate scopolamine almost exclusively (164). Additionally, the levels of tropane alkaloid production in a variety of hairy root cultures were altered by overexpression of methyltransferase putrescine-N-methyltransferase and H6H. Overexpression of both of these enzymes in a hairy root cell culture resulted in significant increases in scopolamine production (164, 165). Fluorinated phenyllactic acid substrates... 

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