Guinea pigs, dermal sensitization

Datta et al. (1977) did not report evidence of sensitization in guinea pigs dermally treated once daily for 90 days with chlordane in acetone (see Dermal/Ocular effects). It is not clear, however, that evidence of sensitization would have been detected by the experimental protocol. 

Dermal sensitization (guinea pig) Non- sensitizer Negative MMly sensitizing Allergy... 

Human sensitization studies were negative at 10% solution (47). Undiluted benzyl alcohol produces moderate dermal irritation in guinea pigs and mild dermal irritation in rabbits (48,49). Severe eye irritation was noted in a rabbit study (50). Acute oral rat LD q values were reported between 1.23 and 3.10 g/kg (50—52). A dermal rabbit LD q value of 2.0 g/kg has been reported (49). Rats died after 2 h when exposed to a 200-ppm vapor concentration (53). Benzyl alcohol is readily oxidized in animals and humans to benzoic acid [65-85-0] which is then conjugated with glycine [56-40-6], and rapidly eliminated in the urine as hippuric acid [495-69-2] (54). 

Enslein K, Gombar VK, Blake BW, Maibach HI, Hostynek JJ, Sigman CC et al. A quantitative structure-activity relationships model for the dermal sensitization guinea pig maximization assay. Food Chem Toxicol 1997 35 1091-8. 

BCG Cultures of live BCG cells in liquid or on solid media 1 Bacteria centrifuged from medium 2 Resuspension in stabilizer 3 Freeze-drying Viable count induction of sensitivity to tuberculin in guinea-pigs Exclusion of virulent mycobacteria absence of excessive dermal reactivity... 

Quintolubric 95830W, displayed only weak skin sensitization (skin sensitization occurred in only 1 of 10 guinea pigs) (Kinkead et al. 1985, 1987a, 1988). No other studies were located regarding immunological effects in animals after dermal exposure to mineral oil hydraulic fluids. 

In general, intraperitoneal and intravenous injections were the most sensitive administration routes (Bauer 1983). LD50 dermal values, however, are often not true percutaneous values because of oral contamination from normal grooming (Summers 1980). Aerosol exposure to paraquat produced a concentration-dependent rapid, shallow breathing pattern in guinea pigs (Cavia sp.)... 

Hexachloroethane did not act as a sensitizer in guinea pigs when a challenge dose was given 2 weeks after the end of a 3-week sensitization period (Weeks et al. 1979). Accordingly, it did not stimulate antibody formation during sensitization. The NOAEL for dermal sensitization is reported in Table 2-3. 

FIGURE 15.4. Line chart for modified Buehler test for delayed contact dermal sensitization in the guinea pig. 

FIGURE 15.5. Line chart for guinea pig maximization test for dermal sensitization. 

In a toxicity summary submitted by Eastman Kodak Company (1978), di- -octylphthalate was reported to be a slight skin irritant when applied to the depilatated skin of guinea pigs, but not a skin sensitizer in guinea pigs. No further details were provided however, it does not appear that di- -octylphthalate is likely to cause dermal irritation. 

In a review. Arts and Kuper (2007) have summarized the animal test methods, which have been used to detect immune-mediated respiratory disease. The tests for respiratory sensitization include dermal as well as inhalatory or topical exposure of mice, rats, or guinea pigs for induction and challenge, and may measure various endpoints to evaluate respiratory sensitization. The review concludes that standardized and validated dose-response test methods are urgently required in order to allow identification of respiratory allergens and to make it possible to recommend safe exposure levels for consumers and workers. 

Acute dermal application of dilute or full-strength DCP rapidly produced erythema and edema in rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and contact sensitization have also been reported in guinea pigs and humans. ... 

In guinea pigs, 5% diisopropylamine caused dermal irritation with repeated exposures, but it was not a sensitizer. The irritative properties of diisopropylamine have been attributed to its alkaline pH, which is neutralized in some formulations. 

DMEP did not cause dermal sensitization in guinea pigs. In the eyes of rabbits, it was not irritating. 

Dermal sensitization to EHA has been documented from exposure to its presence in adhesive tape. This potential has been confirmed in the guinea pig. ... 

Life Science Research Submission of Data by CTFA (2-5-50).Dermal Sensitization Test in Guinea Pigs (TEA), 1975... 

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