Growth of microbes

Because of its antimicrobial activity, acrolein has found use as an agent to control the growth of microbes in process feed lines, thereby controlling the rates of plugging and corrosion (see Wastes, industrial). 

The progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) towards its more advanced stages is accompanied by increasing body stores of iron. Iron accumulates in macrophages as well as microglia, endothelial cells and myocytes. The iron burden is especially intense in the bone marrow, brain white matter, muscle and liver. Such excesses of iron will enhance oxidative stress, impair several already compromised immune defence mechanisms and directly promote the growth of microbes (Boelaert et ah, 1996). 

Biochemical industries are based on the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, molds, yeasts and others. Although some microbes are grown as food, interest here is in the production of chemicals with their aid. A distinction is drawn between steps that involve cells and those that employ isolated catalytic enzymes which are metabolic products of cells. Major characteristics of microbial processes that may be contrasted with those of ordinary chemical processing include the following ... 

A rate equation for the growth of microbe cells proposed by Monod assumes the M-M form of dependence on the concentration of the substrate but includes a proportionality to the concentration Cx of the cells, that is... 

Freezing Preservation. The rate of loss of color, flavor, texture, and nutrients, the growth of microbes, and the aclivity of enzymes and other life forms are all functions of temperature Thus lower storage temperatures prolong the useful life of foods. 

The presence of endotoxin should be monitored by LAL method in the routine operation. Endotoxin can be removed by means of distillation, reverse osmosis, and/or ultrafiltration. Incomplete separation of mist in distillation, however, and leakage in membrane of reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration cause contamination with endotoxin. After these separation processes, of course, contamination of microbes or growth of microbes causes endotoxin contamination [2,8],... 

Chlorine can be removed from RO feed water using sodium bisulfite or carbon filtration (see Chapters 8.2.4 and 8.1.4, respectively). As discussed in Chapter 8.1.4, carbon in carbon filters can aide the growth of microbes so carbon filtration is typically not recommended for dechlorination of RO feed water unless the concentrations of organics is high enough to warrant its use, or if the dosage of sodium bisulfite is too low for accurate control. 

Tributyltin (TBT) is used as an anti-fouling compound to prevent the growth of microbes and fungi, and to prevent the attachment of barnacles and other organisms to ships hulls. TBT has been found toxic towards aquatic organisms, including fish and marine mammals, rapidly accumulating in them [296]. 

Rodents chew through cellular polymers but do not ingest the foam as a foodstuff. The resistance to rot, mildew, and fungi is related to moisture absorption [64]. Therefore, open-cell foams support such growth better than closed-cell foams. High humidity and temperature are necessary for the growth of microbes on any plastic foam. 

The insecticidal property and antimicrobial activity of citrus peel oils have been reported. The oil can repel moth, mosquito, cockroach, domestica, and housefly (62-66). It also inhibits the growth of microbes such as fungi and salmoneUae, with monoterpenes being the major compounds that account for pathogen fungi inhibition (46, 67, 68). 

Many firms use the so-called clean-zone concept, in which the restrictions on personnel entering a production area and the required protective clothing are based on the nature of a product— whether the product is prone to the growth of microbes or whether it is required to be sterile. Even for products not required to be sterile or that are not supportive of microbial growth, this concept controls the production environment through reduction of bioburden. 

Antimicrobial discoloration due to processing Reduce growth of microbes on polymer surfaces Copper 8-hydroxyquinolate,... 

Food preservation has for a long time employed a combination of factors in which acids have played an important role (Knochel and Gould, 1995). It is, therefore, of great interest to effectively apply the combined effects of several factors that inflict obstructions to the growth of microbes (Chirife and Favetto, 1992). Studies on a specific organism, and inclusion of several factors, such as water activity, temperature, pH, and acid concentration, have often been carried out in model systems, and mathematical models have been developed describing the behavior (Hsiao and Siebert, 1999). 

A bioreactor is a device that transforms raw materials into products by means of biological processes conducted by enzymes or living cells.Bioreactors are frequently called fermenters when they generate a product by means of microbial cells, because the growth of microbes in a vessel is commonly called fermentation. There are several different bioreactor designs that can be customized to a desired process.The processing conditions in a reactor, such as temperature, pH, and aeration, depend on the aspects of a particular... 

In order to avoid over disturbing the solid medium and to prevent inhibitory effect on the growth of microbes, Ryoo et al. [75] developed a new reactor, i.e. the rocking drum reactor. As shown in Fig. 9, the reactor is in slow rocking motion. During the fermentation process, the solid substrate is gently rocked so that the air supply and humidity can be uniformly distributed. A computer-con-... 

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