Group abbreviations

Carboxyl Protective Group Abbreviation Deprotection time... 

Protecting group abbreviations are as follows JV-benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), tert-butyl ether (Bu ), and S-tert-butyl (Bu ). 

Figure 5 Degradable PEG-lipid degradability via the orthoester function, the vinylether, or the disulfide group. Abbreviation PEG, poly(ethylene glycol). Source From Refs. 31, 35 0.

Listing of antidepressants in traditional groupings. Abbreviations TCAs = tricyclic antidepressants MAOls = monoamine oxidase inhibitors SSRls = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 

Three-letter symbols and standard group abbreviations are used to designate amino acids functionalised on -COOH or substituted on -NH2. Modifications are indicated by hyphens in abbreviations. 

Group Abbreviation Formula Metal-binding atom... 

Notice that in the foregoing drawings, the carboxyl group ( —), abbreviated -COOH, is shown as... 

Tables 2.6 through 2.10 (see pp. 75-83) list AH° values for a large number of groups (see Section 9.1 for additivity data for radicals). In these tables, Cd refers to a carbon that is forming a carbon-carbon double bond. The notation Cd-(H)2(Cd) is shortened to Cd-(Ha), since all carbon-carbon double bonds are between two sp2 carbons. Similarly, Ct-(X) refers to a carbon triply bonded to another sp carbon and to an X ligand CB-(X) refers to an aromatic ring carbon bonded to two other ring carbons and to a substituent X and Ca refers to the central carbon of the allenic group C=C=C. Other group abbreviations are noted at the end of the appropriate table.

Just as a generic alkyl group substituent is represented by R, a generic aryl group is represented by Ar. When a benzene ring serves as a substituent, it is called a phenyl group, abbreviated Ph. 

An important protecting group developed specifically for polyhydroxy compounds like nucleosides is the tetraisopropyl-disiloxanyl group, abbreviated TIPDS, that can protect two alcohol groups in a molecule. 

To prevent side reactions, the amino group of alanine must be protected to make it nonnucleophilic. In Section 24-7B, we saw that an amino acid reacts with benzyl chlo-roformate (also called benzyloxycarbonyl chloride) to form a urethane, or carbamate ester, that is easily removed at the end of the synthesis. This protecting group has been used for many years, and it has acquired several names. It is called the benzyloxycarbonyl group, the carbobenzoxy group (Cbz), or simply the Z group (abbreviated Z). 

The simultaneous protection of the 3 and S hydroxy groups of nucleosides and the 4,6- or 3,4-hydroxyls of hexopyranoses is a common problem in organic synthesis. In the case of hexopyranoses, we have already seen that benzylidene acetals and, in certain circumstances, isopropyiidene acetals can be used to good effect. An alternative silicon-based group would offer a wider repertoire of conditions for mild deprotection and such a group was devised by Markiewicz the 1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxanylidene group (abbreviated TIPDS),22 229 TIPDS groups are stable to water, 0.3 M p-toluenesulfonic acid in dioxane, 10% tri-fluo mace tic acid in chloroform, 5 M ammonium hydroxide in dioxane-H20 (4 1), and tertiary amines in pyridine,... 

Congener group Abbreviation Formula Number of isomers... 

Recall from Section 9.13 that CH3C6H4SO2- is called a tosyl group, abbreviated by the letters Ts. For this reason, p-toluenesulfonic acid (also called tosic acid) is abbreviated as TsOH. 

For example, the fcrt-butoxycarbonyl protecting group, abbreviated as Boc, is formed by reacting the amino acid with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction. 

Table 1 The symmetry operations of the spin double group Abbreviation e =...

Note that group abbreviations tend not to be used, because the principal object of this type of notation is to delineate as explicitly as possible, electron by electron, the bonding that is present. Accordingly, this notation is useful in ensuring that no electrons have been omitted by mistake. 

This notation uses atomic symbols or group abbreviations joined by single, double or triple lines to represent single, double or triple covalent bonds. All atoms are included in a stylised manner at an... 

Line Structure First Ten Alkanes Common Functional Groups Abbreviations... 

Figure 15 (A) A hydrophobic poly(lysine)-based dendrimer with 64 alkyl surface groups and a glycine core, as synthesized by T. Sakthivel. (B) a PAMAM dendrimer showing the terminal amine groups. Abbreviation-. PAMAM, polyamidoamine.

Blood Group (abbreviation) Locus Name Protein... 

Major connections of the main olfactory system. Axons of MOB mitral/tufted cells (circles in the EPL and MCL, respectively) project as the LOT to synapse in a number of structures collectively referred to as primary olfactory cortex (POC). Centrifugal inputs to MOB include feedback projections from POC as well as inputs from subcortical forebrain and brainstem neuromodulatory cell groups. Abbreviations AON, anterior olfactory nucleus DP, dorsal peduncular cortex Ent, entorhinal cortex IG-AHC, indusium griseum-anterior hippocampal continuation LC, locus coeruleus NDB, nucleus of the diagonal band PeCo, periamygdaloid cortex PC, piriform cortex RN, raphe nuclei (dorsal and median raphe) TT, taenia tecta Tu, olfactory tubercle... 

The carboxyl group (abbreviated -CO2H or -COOh) is one of the most widely occuring functional groups in chemistry as well as biochemistry. Tlie carboxyl group of a large family of related compounds called Acyl compounds or Carbocylic Acid Derivatives. 

Amines. Amines (R—NH2) are an organic derivative of ammonia, where an alkyl group (abbreviated by an —R) replaces one or more of the... 

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