Groundwater Exploration

In major groundwater investigations, records of precipitation, temperatures, wind movement, evaporation and humidity may provide essential or useful supplementary information. Similarly, data relating to steamflow may be of value in helping to solve the groundwater equation since seepage into or from streams constitutes a major factor in the discharge 

Essentially, an assessment of groundwater resources involves the location of potential aquifers within economic drilling depths. Whether or not an aquifer will be able to supply the required amount of water depends on its thickness and spatial distribution, its porosity and permeability, whether It Is fully or partially saturated and whether or not the quality of the water is acceptable. Another factor that has to be considered is pumping lift and the effect of drawdown on it. 

Variations in water content in soils and rocks that may not be readily apparent on black and white photographs often are depicted by false colour. In fact, the specific heat of water is usuaiiy two to ten times greater than that of most rocks, and this, therefore, facilitates its detection in the ground. Indeed, the specific heat of water can cause an aquifer to act as a heat sink that, in turn, influences near-surface temperatures. 

Direct subsurface exploration techniques are dealt with in Chapter 7. 

Porosity tends to lower the velocity of shock waves through a material. Indeed, the compres-sional wave velocity, Vp, is related to the porosity, n, of a normally consolidated sediment 

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Bisson, R.A. and Lehr, J.H. 2004. Modern Groundwater Exploration. Wiley, New York. 

Osiris de Leon (urban and industrial water pollution water scarcity groundwater exploration and exploitation geophysical methods dam sites exploration environmental assessment for water pollution identification), Dominican focal point for water in the InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences (LANAS) Commission of Natural Sciences and Environment of the Science Academy, Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo... 

KEYWORDS groundwater, Yilgarn, Western Australia, sulfide weathering, exploration... 

In the northern Yilgarn and surrounding areas, such as the Baxter deposit) chalcophile elements are enriched in groundwaters contacting with weathering sulfides (e.g., As, Mo, Ag, Sb, W, Tl, and Bi) and these may be more useful regional exploration tools than dissolved Au itself (Fig. 1). 

Groundwater as a medium for geochemical exploration in peatlands Jamil A. Sader1, Keiko Hattori1, Stewart M. Hamilton2... 

KEYWORDS kimberlite, exploration, geochemistry, groundwater, peat... 

In many northern regions, peat bogs are widespread. Our study shows that peat groundwater can have geochemical responses consistent with its interaction with kimberlite rocks (Sader et al. 2007). The geochemical responses can be different from those in mineral soil. Therefore, exploration in peat bog terrains requires specific sampling methods. 

Our results indicate that peat groundwater can be an effective medium for surficial geochemical exploration. The dilute, acidic peat groundwaters contrast well with groundwaters that have interacted with kimberlite. 

It is one thing to design, test, and maintain a recovery system that effectively recovers NAPL, but the handling of the coproduced groundwater is another matter. The effectiveness of a recovery system can suffer if the disposal capacity is insufficient or treatment costs are high. Additionally, a cost-effective, low operation and maintenance recovery system can quickly be turned into a high-cost system if the coproduced water fate is not coordinated with the recovery system. A key factor will be the level of treatment required, if any, prior to disposal. Three alternatives are explored surface discharge refinery reuse and reinjection. 

Robles CJ, Armienta MA (2000) Natural chromium contamination of groundwater at Leon Valley, Mexico. J Geochem Explor 68(3) 167-181... 

Keywords SEDEX deposit, Yukon Territory, acid rock drainage, mineral exploration vectors, groundwater. 

Groundwaters in mineral exploration Matthew I. Leybourne Eion M. Cameron ... 

Keywords groundwater, mineral exploration, deposit types, isotopes... 

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