Gross price

Gross revenues/gross sales Based on gross sales quantity and gross prices... 

Value Pricing strategy and gross prices Overall product profitability Topics Market strategy (segmentation, competitive analysis, positioning) Marketing Mix (product, promotion, place, price)... 

In all major bond markets the convention is to quote price as a clean price. This is the price of the bond as given by the present value of its cash flows, but excluding coupon interest that has accrued on the bond since the last dividend payment. As all bonds accrne interest on a daily basis, even if a bond is held for only one day, interest will have been earned by the bondholder. However, we have referred already to a bond s all-in price, which is the price that is actually paid for the bond in the market. This is also known as the dirty price (or gross price), which is the clean price of a bond plus accrued interest. In other words, the accrued interest must be added to the quoted price to get the total consideration for the bond. 

We use Bloomberg Generic closing prices (BGN prices) for bonds. The inputs of the model are market gross prices of all instruments in the basket. The model we use falls into the category of discount function fitting models. ... 

When investors buy a bond in the market, what they pay is the bond s all-in price, also known as the dirty, or gross price, which is the clean price of a bond plus accrued interest. 

Keywords economic model, shareholder s profit, project cashflow, gross revenue, discounted cashflow, opex, capex, technical cost, tax, royalty, oil price, marker crude, capital allowance, discount rate, profitability indicators, net present value, rate of return, screening, ranking, expected monetary value, exploration decision making. 

Royalty is normally charged as a percentage of the gross revenues from the sale of hydrocarbons, and may be paid in cash or in kind (e.g. oil). The prevailing oil price is used. 

Ratio of total final consumption of energy to gross domestic product (GDP). Measured in metric tons of oil equivalent per 1000 of GDP at 1985 prices ... 

Absorption pricing is based on a normal annual production rate R. The gross profit per unit Acp/R is taken as a fixed percentage X of the fixed plus variable manufacturing costs given by the equation... 

Let us consider a change in annual production rate to ft -I- AR. In order to maintain the gross profit per unit as Acp/R, the sales price per unit of produc tion would need to be Cs Acs- For this case Eq. (9-210) can be written in the modified form... 

Absorption, rate-of-return, and marginal pricing have been considered here on the basis of manufacturing cost. Total cost, which is the sum of manufacturing and general costs, can also be considered as the basis. In this case the appropriate profit to consider is the net annual profit rather than the gross annual profit. 

The basic price of coal at the pit is based on the coal gross calorific value, with allowances then made for the ash, sulfur and chlorine contents. The haulage charges depend on the distance from the pit to the site and on the method of delivery. Tipper-vehicle deliveries are cheaper than conveyor vehicles which, in turn, are cheaper than the pneumatic (blower) vehicles. The method of delivery will obviously be decided by a combination of space and cleanliness factors. In the case of certain customers, special agreements may be available at special rates where the annual coal consumption is large and the supplier wishes to retain the market. 

After extraction of costs such as dealer discount distribution and freight (total about 30%) the net sales are 21 to 28 million a year. Since we calculated a cost price of about 13 dollars per kg phenylalanine (see Table 8.6 13 million per 1,000 tonnes), die gross profit will be 8 to 15 million dollars. 

From a Sraffian perspective, however, the gross multiplier and price system do not require any mention of labour values. The parameters of the system are defined in physical and money price terms. However, using... 

Market— units sold, price per unit, gross revenue. 

Annual net sales Pounds of product sold times the net selhng price. Net means that any allowances have been subtracted from the gross selhng price. 

Net sales price Gross sales price minus freight adjustments. 

Net sales are the primary source of revenue from goods and services. This figure includes the amount reported after returned goods, discounts, and allowances for price reductions are taken into account. Cost of sales represents all the expenses to convert raw materials to finished products. The major components of these expenses are direct material, direct labor, and overhead. If the cost of sdes is subtracted from net sales, the result is the gross margin. One of the most important items on the income statement is depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is an allowance the federal government permits for the... 

Beta-lactam antibiotics are generally costly and marketed at a price of around 100 to 165/kg. Thus, even 1 % increase in yield via improvement in separation efficiency would offer substantial cost benefit in -lactam production. For a typical production plant of capacity 5 x 10 kg/annum, a gross annual benefit of 50,000-250,000 can be expected 192]. The capital investment in LM process, a typical process, the flow design of which is shown in Fig. 7, is also likely to be low... 

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