Grinspoon

In humans, MDA and MDMA have been reported to produce positive mood changes, enhanced emotional awareness, and improved interpersonal communication (Greer and Tolbert 1986 Downing 1986 Shulgin 1986 Peroutka et al. 1988). Because of these psychotropic effects, MDA and MDMA have been used in psychotherapeutic situations (Naranjo et al. 1967 Yensen et al. 1976 Grinspoon and Bakalar 1986). In addition, presumably because of the same positive subjective effects, recreational use of MDMA on college campuses has increased in recent years (Peroutka et al. 1988). 

Grinspoon, L., and Bakalar, J. Can drugs be used to enhance the psychotherapeutic process Am J Psychother 40 393-404, 1986. 

Cannabinoids appear to have a very complex interaction with seizure activity, exerting both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects. Anecdotal testimonies abound (Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1993), but there has been very little controlled human research. In single-case studies both use and withdrawal of marijuana have been linked to the resumption of seizures (Keeler and Reifler, 1967 Consroe et al., 1975). In a randomised placebo-controlled blind study, patients who responded poorly to standard treatments experienced improved seizure control in response to cannabidiol administration. Cannabidiol does not interact with cannabinoid receptors, and animal studies indicate that it has different anticonvulsant effects to other cannabinoids (Cunha et al., 1980). As such it may prove to have useful therapeutic properties. 

Grinspoon L and Bakalar JB (1993). Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. 

Schulze-Makuch D, Grinspoon DH, Abbas O, Irwin NL, Bullock MA (2004) Astrobiogy 4 11... 

Grinspoon L., Bakalar J. Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. Basic Books, NY (1979). 

A comprehensive study by Wert and Raulin (1986) examined both American and cross-cultural studies, and pointed out methodological problems in the body of research on cannabis. It was concluded that cannabis use may produce subtle impairment, but there is no evidence that cannabis produces gross structural cerebral changes or functional impairment. Many cannabis users remain intelligent, functional, and productive members of society (Grinspoon 1999 Davidson 1999). Tolerance, Dependence, and Addiction... 

Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. (1997). Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. New York Lindesmith Center. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. (1998). PDR for Herbal Medicines, 1st ed. Montvale, NJ Medical Economics Company. 

Grinspoon L. (1999). Marihuana Reconsidered, 2nd ed. Oakland, CA Quick American Archives. Orig. published Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1977. 

Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. (1992). Marihuana. In Substance Abuse A Comprehensive Textbook, 2nd ed. Lowinson JH, Ruiz P, Millman RB, eds. Baltimore Williams and Wilkins, pp 236-46. 

Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. (1997). Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. New York The Lindesmith Center. Cannabis... 

These three volunteers represented only a fraction of the varieties of experience we observed in our volunteers. Other publications provide additional examples. In their highly scholarly book, Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered, Lester Grinspoon and James Bakalar provide many other examples of individual personal experiences. Highly literate or artistic individuals often describe elaborate spiritual visions or magical mystery tours (as in the Beatles song, perhaps inspired by such trips). 

Grinspoon S and Gelato M. The rational use of growth hormone in HIV-infected patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001 86 3478 (editorial). 

Grinspoon, S., Gulick, T, Askari, H., Landt, M., Lee, K., Anderson, E., Ma, Z., Vignati, L., Bowsher, R., and Herzog, D. (1996) Serum leptin levels in women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81 3861-3864. 

This quotation comes from an anonymous essay that Sagan wrote for Grinspoon, Lester, Marijuana Reconsidered (Oakland, California Quick American Archives 2nd edition, 1994). Also see Poundstone, William, Carl Sagan A Life in the Cosmos (New York Henry Holt Company, 1999) and Kick, Russ, The Disinformation Book of Lists QAqw York The Disinformation Company, 2004), 21. 

For an excellent list of great modern scientists who were inspired by marijuana and psychedelics, see Kick, Russ, The Disinformation Book of Lists (New York The Disinformation Company, 2004), 17. See also Grinspoon, Lester, Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine (New Haven, Connecticut Yale University Press revised edition, 1997) and Dana Larsen, Stoned Scientists, Cannabis Culture Magazine, April 4,2003, http //www.cannabisculture.com/articles/2783.html... 

FIG. 5-7. Relapse rate of schizophrenic patients after 4 months on active drug or placebo. Bottom panels present hazard rate per week. (Adapted from Davis JM, Janicak PG, Chang S, Klerman K. Recent advances in the pharmacologic treatment of the schizophrenic disorders. In Grinspoon L, ed. Psychiatry 1982. The American Psychiatric Association annual review. Washington, DC APPI Press, 1982 192.)... 

Grinspoon L, Ewalt JR, Shader Rl. Schizophrenia pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Baltimore Williams Wilkins, 1968 67-74. 

Hartmann, W. K., Ryder, G., Dones, L. and Grinspoon, D. (2000) The time-dependent intense bombardment of the primordial Earth/Moon system. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, eds. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K. Tucson University of Arizona Press, pp. 493-512. 

The controversy about compulsion is also conceptual. It is far from clear how the notion of motivational compulsion is to be analyzed. The moral and conceptual concerns interact with one another. Insofar as talk of compulsion is ill defined, it is Liable to abuse. As Grinspoon and Baku-lar (1976,191) skeptically put it, "What we know so far is only that sometimes some people intensely desire to consume certain substances called psychoactive drugs." They suspected that... 

Grinspoon, Lester, and James Bakular. 1976. Cocaine. New York Basic Books. Halikas, James, et al. 1997. "Craving." In Substance Abuse A Comprehensive Textbook, edited by Joyce H. Lowinson, Pedro Ruiz, Robert B. Millman, and John... 

At the end of nine sessions, over a period of nine weeks, I was cured of my hitherto incurable frigidity. And at the end of five months, I felt that I had been completely reconstituted as a human being. I have continued to feel that way ever since. (Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1997, p. 198)... 

Grinspoon, Lester, and Bakalar, James B. (eds.). Psychedelic Reflections. New York Human Sciences Press, Inc., 1983. 

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