Green industrial solvents table

Green Solvents for Industrial Chemistry 209 Table 7.2. Compounds on the U.S. EPA 33/50 list. 

Table 7.5. Sampling of green solvents for some industrial applications.

Green Solvents for Industrial Chemistry 235 Table 7.9. Summary of resin types and applications (Sherman et al., 1998). 

Table 5.3 Industrial uses of esteric green solvents.

The chemical industry (including the broad areas of academic, industrial and practical chemical usage shown in Table I) produces efficacious solvents to satisfy the roles shown in Table I. The development of our knowledge of solutions reflects to some extent the development of chemistry itself (d). Since this is true and since green chemistry is attempting to make chemical practices more environmentally benign, solvents must be evaluated to assay whedier they are necessary (solvent-less or less solvent), and if so, how can their use be made more environmentally benign. This environmental criterion has assumed a critical role in the determination of appropriate chemistry for the 21 century. 

In industrial applications liquid fatty acid esters are well known as plasticizers for pyroxyline varnishes and as secondary plasticizers for PVC. They are used as thinners and carrier oils and have become established as green solvents (see Chapter 10) for printing inks (Table 9.1.9) and for industrial surface cleaning due to their low volatility, environmental compatibility and contribution to work hygiene and industrial safety. ... 

Supercritical water and carbon dioxide are attractive for extractions as they are cheap (not always with regard to the operational costs), contaminant free, and cheaper to dispose of than organic solvents. In addition, supercritical extraction does not leave a chemical residue, which is an important aspect in the food industry. For CO2, the critical parameters are rather low (31 °C and 74bar) compared to water and many other gases (Table 3.3.12). This helps to prevent thermal degradation of components that are being extracted. For these reasons supercritical CO2 is the solvent of choice, for example, to extract caffeine from green coffee beans. 

As can be seen in Table 8.2, a route meeting the SELECT criteria could fulfil all of the 12 principles of green chemistry and vice versa. For example, application of green principles to the design of the synthetic route can help contribute to the second part of the legal criteria, where the use of minimal impact materials (e.g. low volatility solvents) will help meet emissions targets set by local environmental legislation, e.g. the European Union industrial emissions directive. ... 

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