Greek characters

Up Thermal expansion of pipe/°C (default value 12e-6/°C) ttpE Thermal expansion of flow meter/°C (default value 12e-6/°C) p Beta ratio, ratio between orifice to pipe diameter, dimensionless 8 Angle 

Nonrecoverable (actual) pressure drop, kPa Ap i Acceleration head, kPa 

Coulson, J.M. and Richardson, J.E, Chemical Engineering, 4th ed., Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, Great Britain, 1990. 

and Green, D., Perry s Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th ed., McGraw Hill, Malasia, 1984. 

American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standard, Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi. 

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A brief summary of the mathematical notation adopted throughout this text is in order. Scalar quantities, whether constants or variables, are represented by italic characters. Vectors and matrices are represented by boldface characters (individual matrix elements are scalar, however, and thus are represented by italic characters that are indexed by subscript(s) identifying the particular element). Quantum mechanical operators are represented by italic characters if diey have scalar expectation values and boldface characters if their expectation values are vectors or matrices (or if they are typically constructed as matrices for computational purposes). The only deliberate exception to the above rules is that quantities represented by Greek characters typically are made neither italic nor boldface, irrespective of their scalar or vector/matrix nature. 

Matrices are shown in bold capital letters e.g. R), column vectors in bold lowercase letters (e.g. c) (row vectors are transposed column vectors) and scalars in italic characters (e.g. q). True values are indicated by Greek characters or the subscript true . Calculated or measured values are indicated by Roman characters. The hat ( ), used in the literature to indicate calculated, has been dropped to simplify the notation whether the magnitude is measured or calculated can be deduced from the context. The running indexes in multivariate calibration are as follows k = 1 to Al analytes are present in z = 1 to I... 

Because this book covers a wide rage of subfields in chemistry and physics, we will use many different abbreviations. To avoid confusion, notice that in Table 1.1 (and throughout this book) units are always written with normal (Roman) type. Variables or physical quantities are always either Greek characters or written in italic type. Thus, for example, m is the abbreviation for meters, but is the abbrevation for mass. 

You can draw lines and other graphical features directly within most word processors and special characters may be available dependent upon your printer s capabilities. It is a good idea to print out a full set of characters from your printer so that you know what it is capable of. These may include symbols and Greek characters, often useful in chemistry. 

The stmcture ofthe hexamer formed from two rotationally staggered trimers is shown in Fig. 7 (B). As seen in the stereo view in Fig. 7 (B), left, the p-subunits in one trimer are on top ofthe a-subunits of another. Formation of a hexamer from two trimers face-to-face would involve mediation by the a-subunits. In the stereo view in Fig. 7 (B), left, the P-subunits are drawn in heavier lines and the a-subunits in thinner lines. A sketch ofthe six monomers (twelve subunits) is shown in Fig. 7 (B), right, where the numbers denote the (aP)-monomers and the Greek characters a and p subunits. 

My machete was in front of me, hanging suspended in a pure void of infinite darkness. Etched on the blade were Hebrew letters in living fire. I am not Jewish, and I don t know Hebrew, but I can recognize those letters and differentiate them from Sanskrit or Greek characters, for example. The machete disappeared and only the fiery letters remained suspended in the void. Then they began to move and re-form themselves in the Roman alphabet to spell "SEPHIROTH," in fire. Then they disappeared and only the void was left. 

This book uses non-English characters that are available in extended ASCII. Other non-English characters will be represented by the closest English equivalent or will be spelled out. This is particularly important with the names of authors. For example, Bronnum, where the o has a stroke through it, will be printed as shown because an o with a stroke through it is not available in extended ASCII. On the other hand, Carratu will be printed as shown because u with an accent is available in extended ASCII ( 151). A similar situation applies with Greek characters. Thus a, 3, and so on, are available and will be printed as such, but a capital delta is not available and will be represented by delta. The extended ASCII characters which are used include the following a, fl, 8, 8, 0, i, tt, ct, 2, t, k, k, a, A, k, A, g, Q, e, fi, e, e, e, i, i, i, i, n, fl, 6, 5, 6, 6, 0, li, u, u, ii, U, <, , >, and °. 

Charlnsert, which enables transclusion of non-standard and Greek characters from any editing box and is particularly useful for chemistry. 

Greek characters always take the values 0,1,..., 4, Latin ones the values 1,..., 4. One could instead of this, for instance, use / vidx in place of log g, where Vidx does not necessarily imply an integrable linear differential form. 

Hz, 0-10 Hz, A- 10 Hz. The inset shows e. The greek characters assign the different relaxation regions. Lines mark the transition temperatures. 

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