Grass, synthetic

Astroturf A trade name for Monsanto s family of nylon textile goods. See grass, synthetic, asymmetric Irregular form. Opposite of symmetrical. Of such form or shape that no point, line, or plane exists whose opposite portions are exactly similar. See geometry. 

These grass-like and resident instadations require substantial amounts of synthetic materials. A typical sports field covered with artificial turf requires approximately 15,000 kg of fabric, 15,000—30,000 kg of shock-absorbing underpad, and 5,000—10,000 kg of adhesive and seaming materials. The artificial surface for a 0.40-km miming track may require 50,000—70,000 kg of materials. Paint striping and marking of turf, tracks, and courts cad for additional materials. 

R. Giovanoli, Natural and synthetic manganese nodules , in Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese , Vol. 1 (Eds. I. M. Varentsov, G. Grassely), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1980. 

Grows in cool, humid areas of the world. Overwinters on grasses and crop debris. It does not grow on synthetic media. Relatively cool and humid conditions are favorable for its growth. 

Second-generation biofuel technologies make use of a much wider range of biomass feedstock (e.g., forest residues, biomass waste, wood, woodchips, grasses and short rotation crops, etc.) for the production of ethanol biofuels based on the fermentation of lignocellulosic material, while other routes include thermo-chemical processes such as biomass gasification followed by a transformation from gas to liquid (e.g., synthesis) to obtain synthetic fuels similar to diesel. The conversion processes for these routes have been available for decades, but none of them have yet reached a high scale commercial level. 

Two aliphatic acids possess, for grasses, many of the growth-distortion and toxicity effects associated with the synthetic auxins on dicotyledonous plants. Trichloroacetic acid and 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon), as the sodium salts, have been called grass "hormones or auxins, although Wilkinson184 could find no growth stimulation at low concentrations, and described dalapon as an antiauxin from its interference with indole-3-acetic acid effects. The herbicidal properties of trichloroacetate do not depend on its protein-denaturing ability, and those of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid involve, at least indirectly, the synthesis of pantothenic acid. 

Enzymes. The most substantial advance in textile cleansing since the introduction of synthetic detergents has occurred through the introduction of low levels of enzymes into laundry detergent and presoak products. Both proteolytic and amylolylic enzymes are used by the industry to hydro yz.e protein and starch so that the smaller soil fragments are easier to remove. They are effective on stains with protein and carbohydrate substituents (such as body soils, many food stains, grass stains, blood, and many others). Enzymes are catalytic and specific and thus must be used at low levels in... 

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