Graphitized carbon chromatography

Hsieh, Y., Duncan, C.J.G., and Brisson, J.M. Porous graphitic carbon chromatography/tandem mass speetrometrie determination of cytarabine in mouse plasma. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 21, 629-634. 

A further example for the analysis of trace levels of pollutants is the determination of polychlorinated diben-zodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in milk. The method includes gel permeation chromatography, alumina cleanup, and porous graphitized carbon chromatography, followed by analysis by gas chromatography-... 

Ninonuevo, M. et al. Nanoliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides employing graphitized carbon chromatography on microchip with a high-accuracy mass analyzer. Electrophoresis, 26,3641,2005. 

Another Fmoc-based probe, recently developed, contains benzo-fused analogues of the Fmoc molecule. It can be used to purify peptides by either porous graphitized carbon chromatography (7) or RP-HPLC (8). 

Total carbon in beryUium is determined by combustion of the sample, along with an accelerator mixture of tin, iron, and copper, in a stream of oxygen (15,16). The evolved carbon dioxide is usuaUy measured by infrared absorption spectrometry. BeryUium carbide can be determined without interference from graphitic carbon by dissolution of the sample in a strong base. BeryUium carbide is converted to methane, which can be determined directly by gas chromatography. Alternatively, the evolved methane can be oxidized to carbon dioxide, which is determined gravimetricaUy (16). 

Wan, Q.- H., Davies, M. C., Shaw, P. N., and Barrett, D. A., Retention behavior of ionizable isomers in reversed-phase liquid chromatography a comparative study of porous graphitic carbon and octadecyl bonded silica, Anal. Chem., 68, 437, 1996. 

Koizumi, K., Okada, Y., and Fukuda, M., High-performance liquid chromatography of mono- and oligo-saccharides on a graphitized carbon column, Carb. Res., 215, 67, 1991. 

Di Corcia A, Bellioni A, Madbouly MD, et al. 1996. Trace determination of phenols in natural waters. Extraction by a new graphitized carbon black cartridge followed by liquid chromatography and reanalysis after phenol derivatization. J Chromatogr 733 383-393. 

Tornkvist A, Sjoberg PJ, Markides KE, Bergquist J. 2004. Analysis of catecholamines and related substances using porous graphite carbon as separation media in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 801 323. 

Altenbach, and W. Giger, Determination of benzenesulfonates and naphthalenesulfonates in waste-water by solid-phase extraction with graphitized carbon-black and ion-pair liquid-chromatography with UV-detection , Anal. Chem., 67, 2325-2333 (1995). 

In addition to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the chiral resolution using CMPAs was also carried out by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) [91] and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) [92-98]. Salvador et al. [91] used dimethylated /1-cyclodextrin as the mobile phase additive on porous graphite carbon as the solid phase for the chiral resolution of tofizopam, warfarin, a benzoxazine derivative, lorazepam, flurbiprofen, temazepam, chlorthalidone, and methyl phehydantoin by SFC. The authors also studied the effect of the concentration of dimethylated /1-cyclodextrin, the concentration of the mobile phase, the nature of polar modifiers, outlet pressure, and the column temperature on the chiral resolution. 

M. Davies, K. D. Smith, A. M. Harbin, and E. F. Hounsell, High-performance liquid chromatography of oligosaccharide alditols and glycopeptides on a graphitized carbon column, J. Chromatogr., 609 (1992) 125-131. 

Ciccioh, P. and Liberti, A., Microbore columns packed with graphitized carbon black for high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 290, 173, 1984. 

B. Kaur, The use of porous graphitic carbon in high performance liquid chromatography, LC-GC, 5 468 (1990). 

J. A. Knox, B. Haur, and G. R. Millward, Structure and performance of porous graphitic carbon in liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 3 353 (1986). 

Air samples are usually collected to solid adsorbents such as Tenax, XAD resins, graphitized carbons (e.g. Carbopak), active charcoal, or porous polymers (e.g. Chromosorb). The chemicals are eluted from the adsorbent to a liquid or gas phase by liquid-solid elution or extraction or by thermal desorption. Extraction is the most common method. Thermal desorption can be applied when analysis is by GC (gas chromatography) method, and, recently, the use of automated thermal desorption has been proposed to provide increased sensitivity in GC/MS analysis of a wide range of CWC-related chemicals 8. ... 

J.-P. Mercier, Ph. Morin, M. Dreux and A. Tambute, Liquid chromatography analysis of phosphonic acids on porous graphitic carbon stationary phase with evaporative light-scattering and mass spectrometry detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 849, 197-207 (1999). 

A. Antonopoulos, P. Favetta, W. Helbert, and M. Lafosse, On-line liquid chromatography-electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry for K-carrageenan oligosaccharides with a porous graphitic carbon column, J. Chromatogr. A, 1147 (2007) 37—41. 

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