Granulocyte colony stimulating factor G-CSF

G-CSF is also known as pluripoietin and CSF-/1. Two slight variants are known, one consisting of 174 amino acids, the other of 177. These are products of alternative splicing. The smaller polypeptide predominates, and also displays significantly greater biological activity than the larger variant. 

The extracellular region of the G-CSF receptor is heavily glycosylated (containing nine potential glycosylation sites) and displays a molecular mass in the region of 150 kDa. Two variants of the receptor in humans have been noted which display differences in the intracellular 

Main producer cells Bone marrow stromal cells Macrophages Fibroblasts Lymphocytes Myoblasts Osteoblasts Monocytes Fibroblasts Endothelial cells Macrophages T lymphocytes Fibroblasts Endothelial cells 

Main target cells Neutrophils Also other haemopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells Macrophages and their precursor cells Haematopoietic progenitor cells Granulocytes Monocytes Endothelial cells Megakaryocytes T lymphocytes Erythroid cells 

Techniques used to administer G-CSF have an important impact on its absorption profile. The plasma G-CSF concentration-time profiles were strikingly different for aerosol and intratracheal deliveries. The peak plasma level was much higher and achieved earlier, and the estimated bioavailability was also significantly greater, after aerosol than after intratracheal administration [21]. It is believed that permeation and enzymatic degradation are rate-limiting steps in the absorption of G-CSF after intratracheal administration. The co-administration of surfactants or protease inhibitors may increase the absorption of G-CSF [86]. 

Interferon (IFN) is a cytokine that is used as a drug for a variety of purposes, including the treatment of kidney cancer and tuberculosis. Following challenge or infection by viruses, IFNs are rapidly induced in cells. Conversely, viral replication can be inhibited by the addition of exogenous natural and recombinant IFNs in cell culture. 

a 20 to 25 kDa lymphokine, is synthesized naturally by activated T cells, and is critical in the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Beck et al. [94] have demonstrated the efficacy of aerosol-administered murine IFN-y in pneumocystis-infected mice, while the results of studies in rodents have indicated an antitumor effect [95] and anti-infective potential of IFN-y [96]. Deposition studies indicated that aerosolized IFN-y can be effectively delivered to the lower respiratory tract, and that IFN-y given by this route does not reach the systemic 

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Duarte, R. and Frank, D. 2002. The synergy between stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) molecular basis and clinical relevance. Leukaemia and Lymphoma 43(6), 1179-1187. 

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), 5-10 mcg/kg subcutaneously once daily for 2-4 weeks or granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 250 mcgftn2 subcutaneously for 2-4 weeks (CM)... 

Interleukins (IL-l-IL-13 have now been characterised) colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and macrophage CSF (M-CSF) ... 

Keywords granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) LTC-IC CFU-C granulocytes... 

Mobilised peripheral blood stem cells are used as the source of stem cells for transplantation, moreover most allogeneic transplants now utilize peripheral blood rather than bone marrow A variety of mobilisation regimes are used but granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the most frequently In some cases G-CSF treatment of volunteers is involved researches ... 

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Neupogen 48 Mio U, F.Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland) was dissolved in 0,85% NaCl with 0,1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma) and was injected subcutaneously (25 pg/kg in 0,2 ml of 0,85% NaCl) once a day for 4 days. White blood cells (WBC) count and the hemogram of the peripheral blood were analyzed before and one day after each course. Seven courses were performed during half-year. 

In the next phase of the study, transcripts of up-regulated genes granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IgG were introduced into a mouse model corranonly used to test potential therapies for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Erom microarray analysis, G-CSF was found to be up-regulated in acute MS but not in the chronic state of the disease. Subcutaneous injection of G-CSF prior to induction of EAE prevented onset of the disease in mice. The reversal of EAE by G-CSE has also been described (see Eock, 2002, Reference 40). 

The feasibility and efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy and subsequent intracoronary infusion of collected peripheral blood stem cells were prospectively investigated in the MAGIC randomized clinical trial [137], which showed improved cardiac function and promotion of angiogenesis in myocardial infarction patients. 

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF)—cytokines that stimulate the growth of granulocytic leukocytes... 

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