Goodman line

From Fig. 12 it seems, that the eonservatism and ability to discriminate between WISPER and WISPERX needed relative to the elassieal (i.e. employing Goodman-lines) fatigue formulations may be found in a constant-life formulation employing parallel lines, whereas the accuracy of the prediction is enhanced by including R=0.1 data. 

Alternatively, introducing the slope G of the Goodman line. Fig. 5.37, the reduced stress amplitude or fatigue limit can be expressed as... 

Going back to the Goodman line we may say that the safety domain of Fig. 5.32 is not totally accessible, meaning that not really all mean stress values may have an effect on fatigue. As matter of fact, not always falls down to zero as goes to stress amplitude value Of ax exists below which, under particular loading conditions, it is not possible to go, whatever the mean stress may be. To understand it, suppose to be dealing with an elastic-ideally plastic material whose characteristic is that of Fig. 5.42. This... 

Therefore, the Goodman line turns into a two line diagram ECB called modified Goodman diagram. Looking at Fig. 5.43 and Eq. (3.53) the new maximum... 

Jo) = (780 180). The new Goodman line passing through points A and B intercepts on the ordinate axis the new value Oy = 410 MPa of the equivalent fatigue limit. This time is fatigue life of the work piece will... 

A generic point B will move to B in which the peak stress would reasonably be equal to the stress in A for the unnotched specimen. Beyond point C in Fig. 7.17 the theoretical stress concentration factor k, loses its validity. It is interesting to see how experimental data obtained on notched and unnotched specimens of aluminum alloy of 570 MPa ultimate strength and SAE 4130 steel of 807 MPa behave with respect to the safety domain of Fig. 7.17. This is shown in Fig. 7.18 [21].The behavior of the two alloys is completely different from each other and from that of Fig. 7.17. The unnotched specimens of aluminum alloy seem to follow the Goodman line while those of SAE 4130 steel the Gerber parabola as in Fig. 7.17. But differences do not finish with that. The notched specimens behavior of... 

For design purposes it is useful to have a relationship between a a and Om, similar to those used for metals (e.g. the Soderberg and Goodman relationships). It is suggested that the equation of a straight line joining points W and Z in Fig. 2.76 would be best because it is simple and will give suitably conservative estimates for the permissible combinations of Oa and to produce failure in a pre-selected number of cycles. Such an equation would have the form... 

Hayes, A. T., A. Martinoli, and R. M. Goodman. Swarm robotic odor localization Off-line optimization and validation with real robots, Robotica 21, 427-441 (2003). 

Goodman CL, McIntosh AH, El Sayed GN, Grasela JJ, Stiles B (2001), Production of selected baculoviruses in newly established lepidopteran cell lines, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. (Animal) 37 374-379. 

As was indicated, modification of the CLD is related to modification of the SN-curves. With a modification of the CLD, a modification is meant which does not involve any changes to the experimental SN-curves, which were used to construct the CLD. On the other hand, any SN-curves that are derived from the interpolation can be affected by the CLD-modification. In order to allocate more damage to the small amplitude cycles, some alternative CLDs have been proposed previously [32]. For example, in one alternative CLD the N=1 line is the same as in the linear Goodman diagram, but all other lines are drawn parallel to the N=1 line. In this case, the permissible number of cycles at a certain stress level and mean stress can be found for a lin-log SN-curve using ... 

The two formulations are the same in the region between R=-l and R=0.1 (straight lines between corresponding points on the projected SN-curves). Beyond R=0.1, two versions of an interpolation were used, the first reminiscent of the Goodman diagram, the second similar to the parallel lines-altemative. These formulations and the corresponding prediction results are displayed for log-log SN-curves in Fig. 12. 

Not surprisingly, the lifetime predictions using the parallel lines yield more conservative predictions than those using the Goodman type interpolation. 

Rat F98 glioma cells were from R. Goodman, Ohio State University (Columbus, OH). The 9L gliosarcoma line was obtained from the Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco. Cells were maintained in 10% fetal calf serum in DMEM supplemented with penicillin/streptomycin and tested by the Gen-Probe Rapid Detection System (Fisher Scientific) to rule out mycoplasma contamination. Cells were harvested with 0.25% trypsin, counted, and resuspended in DMEM solution before intracranial implantation. 

ESR evidence has been obtained suggesting that HA can reduce molybdate to Mo(V) and complex the Mo(V) species in strongly acidic media (Lakatos et al., 1977a Goodman and Cheshire, 1982). The ESR spectrum of a peat soil HA complex with Mo(V) enriched in Mo (nuclear spin, I = ) features two distinct components, each split into two six-line hyperfine patterns at g and g , consistent with two different axially symmetric Mo(V)—HA complexes. 

Treatment with 0.1 M HCl of Mo( V)-enriched HA produces a low-intensity six-line ESR spectrum probably arising from a Mo(lll) species (Goodman and Cheshire, 1982). This result suggests that Mo(lll) species can be formed and remain stable in the solid state even in aerobic conditions when protected in HS complexes. 

Ether-extracted freeze-dried kidney tissue contained the o-quinone metabolite of NDGA, seen as red-brown granules. It was also seen as yellowbrown material in histiocytes, degenerating proximal tubular epithelium, small acellular casts, and occasionally in the cells lining the cysts and in the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubules. No free NDGA was found in the rat kidneys (Goodman et al., 1970). 

Figure 25.11 Selected hydrogen thermal desorption traces obtained from a bimetallic Cu—Ru surface (Cu coverage = 0.7 monolayers on a Ru(0001) surface) as a function of adsorption temperature The top curve (a) was obtained after the system had received a saturation exposure at 100 K curve (b) Hj desorption trace after a saturation exposure at 230 K. The dashed line indicates the direct superposition of (a) onto (b). The bottom curve (c) represents the difference (b) — (a) and, hence, is equal to the amount of hydrogen spilled over from Ru to Cu sites at 230 K. After Goodman and Peden [88].

Childs, W. J. and Goodman, L. S., "Assignment of unclassified lines in Tb I through high-resolution laser-fluorescence measurements of hyperfine structure,"... 

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