Risk management goals

Managing an international career - goals, risks, opportunities, work-life balance. 

Because hyperprolactinemia is often associated with hypogonadism, the goals for management of hyperprolactinemia are to restore the clinical consequences of hypogonadism and reduce its associated risk for osteoporosis44 (Table 43-7). 

Effective environmental management and decision making. Discuss how scientists and decision makers can best develop risk assessment, risk management and risk communication systems to achieve environmental goals. Use the POPs treaty and Chinese obligations under the treaty as an example for which effective management systems can be developed. 

The attempt to carry out risk assessment on a scientific basis has resulted in the systematic separation of risk assessment and practical risk management. An undesirable effect of this strict separation is the fact that the present practice of risk assessment does not produce the information that is required for formulation of risk management measures in a goal-oriented way. 

Risk assessment is a multi-step process to relate the association of exposure to a chemical or physical agent with adverse outcome. Initially the focus was human health but now it has broadened to include wider environmental and ecological concerns. Risk management is a more overtly political process directed at determining an action based on relevant public and environmental health goals, cost, societal issues, and other related or even unrelated issues. An important part of risk management is balancing the risks, costs, and benefits - never an easy task. 

The assessment endpoint should be not only measurable (at least potentially) but also modelable. Defining a modelable endpoint is likely to require close discussion between an assessor (who knows what they can model) and a risk manager (who knows what they want to protect). Sometimes the assessment endpoint is only indirectly related to the management goal, for example, if the assessment endpoint is a risk to individuals, but the aim is to protect population sustainability. In such cases, qualitative inference will be required to interpret the assessment result. This inference will need to be done jointly by the risk assessor and risk manager. It is likely to involve substantial uncertainty, which will have to be taken into account qualitatively when producing a narrative description of the assessment outcome. This step should be identified as part of the conceptual model. 

The choice of assessment scenario, like the assessment endpoint, is likely to be implied by the management goal and should be made in close consultation with the risk manager, to ensure it meets their needs. 

The analysis plan should specify not only how the analysis will be conducted, but also how the results will be presented. Indeed, the way results will be communicated will usually influence the choice of both model structure and analysis method and is ultimately driven by the information needs of risk managers and other stakeholders and their management goals (see Figure 2.2). Careful advance planning for the communication of results is especially important for probabilistic assessments because they are more complex than deterministic assessments and less familiar to most audiences. It may be beneficial to present probabilistic and deterministic assessments together, to facilitate familiarization with the newer approaches. 

REACH does not explicitly call to transfer this kind of knowledge, although for a number of chemicals, the risk of adverse side effects is positively correlated to the amount of chemicals in use. This poses a serious loophole for reaching the goals of REACH - a better risk management by means of information management. Chemical Leasing business models are... 

Integrated strategies for the risk management of mycotoxins include, among others, the testing of food products, whatever the ultimate goal of the test is. The control of mycotoxins in grains is... 

Risk Index for Multiple Substances That Cause Deterministic Responses. The risk index for mixtures of substances that cause deterministic responses should be expressed in terms of dose, rather than risk, because risk is not proportional to dose and the goal of risk management is to limit doses to less than the threshold in the dose-response relationship (see discussion of Equation 6.2 in Section 6.3). As noted previously, deterministic responses from exposure to radionuclides should not be of concern in classifying waste, in which case only the risk index for chemicals that induce deterministic responses needs to be considered. 

Establish the context. What are the goals of the risk management process What are potential vulnerabilities of the business Do employees or patients risk injuries How might the reputation of the pharmacy suffer if a patient was injured owing to a prescription error or if his or her health condition was inadvertently made public by an employee Could costly claims be avoided by not providing certain services or products ... 

---