Goals of Risk Management

Risk Index for Multiple Substances That Cause Deterministic Responses. The risk index for mixtures of substances that cause deterministic responses should be expressed in terms of dose, rather than risk, because risk is not proportional to dose and the goal of risk management is to limit doses to less than the threshold in the dose-response relationship (see discussion of Equation 6.2 in Section 6.3). As noted previously, deterministic responses from exposure to radionuclides should not be of concern in classifying waste, in which case only the risk index for chemicals that induce deterministic responses needs to be considered. 

Lesson Learned 2 clearly points out how risk communications can be easily stopped within an organization. The need for risk assessment huilt into overall decision-making is one of the overall goals of risk management. However, given the politics and egos that may be present, the approach must consider multiple approaches when presenting issues. 

The attempt to carry out risk assessment on a scientific basis has resulted in the systematic separation of risk assessment and practical risk management. An undesirable effect of this strict separation is the fact that the present practice of risk assessment does not produce the information that is required for formulation of risk management measures in a goal-oriented way. 

Risk assessment is a multi-step process to relate the association of exposure to a chemical or physical agent with adverse outcome. Initially the focus was human health but now it has broadened to include wider environmental and ecological concerns. Risk management is a more overtly political process directed at determining an action based on relevant public and environmental health goals, cost, societal issues, and other related or even unrelated issues. An important part of risk management is balancing the risks, costs, and benefits - never an easy task. 

The analysis plan should specify not only how the analysis will be conducted, but also how the results will be presented. Indeed, the way results will be communicated will usually influence the choice of both model structure and analysis method and is ultimately driven by the information needs of risk managers and other stakeholders and their management goals (see Figure 2.2). Careful advance planning for the communication of results is especially important for probabilistic assessments because they are more complex than deterministic assessments and less familiar to most audiences. It may be beneficial to present probabilistic and deterministic assessments together, to facilitate familiarization with the newer approaches. 

What are the critical limits for controllable sources of variability that will lead to achievement of risk management goals ... 

The ultimate goal of risk analysis and risk management is to eliminate unforeseen risks and avoid or minimize the impact of all foreseeable ones. 

Role of risk management concerns in establishing assessment endpoints. Although it is important to consider risk management concerns when assessment endpoints are selected, there is still uncertainty as to how these inputs should influence the goals of the risk assessment, the ecological components to be protected, and the level of protection required. 

The primary goals of DM management are to reduce the risk for microvascular and macrovascular disease complications, to ameliorate symptoms, to reduce mortality, and to improve quality of life. Near-normal glycemia will reduce the risk for development of microvascular disease complications, but current evidence targets aggressive management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., smoking cessation, treatment of dyslipidemia, intensive blood pressure control, and antiplatelet therapy) to reduce the likelihood of development of macrovascular disease. 

Visible top management leadership — Employees tend to concern themselves most with the values and goals of top management. If employees perceive top management places more importance on utilization (revenue producing miles) than on safety and health, they are more likely to emphasize this in their own actions — putting themselves and others at risk in order to go that extra mile. 

The goal of risk analysis is to identify events that may have one or several undesirable consequences on a system, and to assess the likelihood and severity of these consequences. A lot of methods can be used to conduct risk analysis (Flaus, 2013a) such as Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) and Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) (Papadopoulos et al., 2004). In most of these methods, the obtained information may be used to build a risk model. The next step after risk analysis is to study the behavior of the system, when the undesirable events occur, in order to evaluate its performance in degraded conditions, and its robustness or resilience. An approach to allow integrated risk analysis and simulation has been proposed for business process management (Tjoa et al., 2011). 

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